专职DBA-基于MHA高可用搭建MySQL读写分离架构-Atlas 1.Atlas介绍
Atlas是由Qihoo360，Web平台部基础架构团队开发维护的一个基于MySQL协议的数据中间层项目。 它是在mysql-proxy-0.8.2版本的基础上，对其进行了优化，增加了一些新的功能特性。 360内部使用Atlas运行的mysql业务，每天承载的读写请求数达几十亿条。 下载地址：https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases 注意： 1.Atlas只能安装运行在64位的系统上。 2.版本 CentOS-5.x安装Atlas-xx.el5.x86_64.rpm CentOS-6.x安装Atlas-xx.el6.x86_64.rpm 3.后端mysql版本应大于5.1，建议使用mysql-5.6以上。 2.安装配置 [root@db04 ~]# wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/2.2.1/Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@db04 ~]# wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/sharding-1.0.1/Atlas-sharding_1.0.1-el6.x86_64.rpm [root@db04 ~]# ps -ef | grep masterha root 8560 6706 0 19:40 pts/0 00:00:00 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --global_conf=/etc/masterha/masterha_default.conf --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.conf root 8647 6706 0 19:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto masterha [root@db04 ~]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.conf app1 (pid:8560) is running(0:PING_OK), master:10.0.0.11 [root@db04 ~]# masterha_check_repl --global_conf=/etc/masterha/masterha_default.conf --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.conf Fri Jul 26 19:43:16 2019 - [info] Reading default configuration from /etc/masterha/masterha_default.conf.. Fri Jul 26 19:43:16 2019 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.conf.. Fri Jul 26 19:43:16 2019 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.conf.. Fri Jul 26 19:43:16 2019 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.58. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] GTID failover mode = 1 Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Dead Servers: Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Alive Servers: Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.12(10.0.0.12:3306) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.13(10.0.0.13:3306) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Alive Slaves: Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.12(10.0.0.12:3306) Version=5.7.26-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] GTID ON Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Replicating from 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.13(10.0.0.13:3306) Version=5.7.26-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] GTID ON Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Replicating from 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Current Alive Master: 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking slave configurations.. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 10.0.0.12(10.0.0.12:3306). Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 10.0.0.13(10.0.0.13:3306). Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings.. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db= Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Replication filtering check ok. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is supported. Skipping all SSH and Node package checking. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master.. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 10.0.0.11 is reachable. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306) (current master) +--10.0.0.12(10.0.0.12:3306) +--10.0.0.13(10.0.0.13:3306) Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking replication health on 10.0.0.12.. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] ok. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking replication health on 10.0.0.13.. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] ok. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status: Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] /etc/masterha/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=10.0.0.11 --orig_master_ip=10.0.0.11 --orig_master_port=3306 Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] OK. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined. Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead). MySQL Replication Health is OK. [root@db01 ~]# ip addr show bond0 6: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:a1:4c:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.11/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global bond0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.15/32 scope global bond0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea1:4cf7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@db04 ~]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:Atlas-2.2.1-1 ################################# [100%] [root@db04 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/ [root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2810 Dec 17 2014 test.cnf [root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# mv test.cnf test.cnf.bak 看一下默认配置文件 [root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cat test.cnf.bak [mysql-proxy] #带#号的为非必需的配置项目 #管理接口的用户名 admin-username = user #管理接口的密码 admin-password = pwd #Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔 proxy-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3306 #Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口，@后面的数字代表权重，用来作负载均衡，若省略则默认为1，可设置多项，用逗号分隔 #proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1 #用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码，密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密，下行的user1和user2为示例，将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码！ pwds = user1:+jKsgB3YAG8=, user2:GS+tr4TPgqc= #设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时为守护进程方式，设为false时为前台方式，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。 daemon = true #设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程，一个为monitor，一个为worker，monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启，设为false时只有worker，没有monitor，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。 keepalive = true #工作线程数，对Atlas的性能有很大影响，可根据情况适当设置 event-threads = 8 #日志级别，分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别 log-level = message #日志存放的路径 log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log #SQL日志的开关，可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME，OFF代表不记录SQL日志，ON代表记录SQL日志，REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘，默认为OFF #sql-log = OFF #慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时，则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow（单位：ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。 #sql-log-slow = 10 #实例名称，用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分 #instance = test #Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口 proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234 #Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口 admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345 #分表设置，此例中person为库名，mt为表名，id为分表字段，3为子表数量，可设置多项，以逗号分隔，若不分表则不需要设置该项 #tables = person.mt.id.3 #默认字符集，设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句 #charset = utf8 #允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP，可以是精确IP，也可以是IP段，以逗号分隔，若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接，否则只允许列表中的IP连接 #client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1 #Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置 #lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1 制作加密密码 因为我的repl账户和mha账户密码都是123 [root@db04 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123 3yb5jEku5h4= [root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# vim test.cnf [mysql-proxy] admin-username = user admin-password = pwd proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.15:3306 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.12:3306,10.0.0.13:3306 pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:3yb5jEku5h4= daemon = true keepalive = true event-threads = 8 log-level = message log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log sql-log=ON proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060 admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345 charset=utf8 [root@db04 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started [root@db04 ~]# ps -ef | grep proxy root 9246 1 0 19:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf root 9247 9246 0 19:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf root 9271 6706 0 19:58 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto proxy [root@db04 ~]# ss -tunlp | grep proxy tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:2345 *:* users:(("mysql-proxy",pid=9247,fd=9)) tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:33060 *:* users:(("mysql-proxy",pid=9247,fd=10)) [root@db04 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep proxy tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2345 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9247/mysql-proxy tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33060 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9247/mysql-proxy 3.Atlas功能测试 Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601] 版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 C:\Users\zhouwanchun>mysql -umha -p -h 10.0.0.14 -P33060 Enter password: *** Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> (1).测试读操作 mysql> select @@server_id; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 123306 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select @@server_id; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 133306 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@server_id; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 123306 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@server_id; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 133306 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) (2).测试写操作 mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 113306 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit; Bye C:\Users\zhouwanchun> 4.生产用户要求 开发人员申请一个应用： 用户：app（insert,update,select） 密码：123 要通过10.0.0.% 网段登录 (1).在主库中创建用户app [root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p Enter password: db01 [(none)]> create user 'app'@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) db01 [(none)]> grant insert,update,select on *.* to 'app'@'10.0.0.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) db01 [(none)]> show grants for 'app'@'10.0.0.%'; +---------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for app@10.0.0.% | +---------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON *.* TO 'app'@'10.0.0.%' | +---------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) (2).在Atlas中添加生产用户 [root@db04 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123 3yb5jEku5h4= [root@db04 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/ [root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# vim test.cnf pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:3yb5jEku5h4=,app:3yb5jEku5h4= [root@db04 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is stopped OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601] 版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 C:\Users\zhouwanchun>mysql -uapp -p -h 10.0.0.14 -P33060 Enter password: *** Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> exit; Bye 5.Atlas基本管理 连接管理接口 基于密钥连接服务器db04 # ssh root@10.0.0.14 [root@db04 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h 127.0.0.1 -P2345 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.0.99-agent-admin Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. db04 [(none)]> 打印帮助 db04 [(none)]> select * from help; +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | command | description | +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | SELECT * FROM help | shows this help | | SELECT * FROM backends | lists the backends and their state | | SET OFFLINE $backend_id | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id | | SET ONLINE $backend_id | online backend server, ... | | ADD MASTER $backend | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ... | | ADD SLAVE $backend | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ... | | REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ... | | SELECT * FROM clients | lists the clients | | ADD CLIENT $client | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ... | | REMOVE CLIENT $client | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ... | | SELECT * FROM pwds | lists the pwds | | ADD PWD $pwd | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ... | | ADD ENPWD $pwd | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ... | | REMOVE PWD $pwd | example: "remove pwd user", ... | | SAVE CONFIG | save the backends to config file | | SELECT VERSION | display the version of Atlas | +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ 16 rows in set (0.00 sec) 查询后端所有节点信息 db04 [(none)]> select * from backends; +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.15:3306 | up | rw | | 2 | 10.0.0.12:3306 | up | ro | | 3 | 10.0.0.13:3306 | up | ro | +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 动态删除节点 db04 [(none)]> remove backend 3; Empty set (0.00 sec) 保存配置到配置文件 db04 [(none)]> save config; Empty set (0.01 sec) db04 [(none)]> select * from backends; +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.15:3306 | up | rw | | 2 | 10.0.0.12:3306 | up | ro | +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@db04 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/ [root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# grep "addresses" test.cnf proxy-backend-addresses=10.0.0.15:3306 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.0.0.12:3306 动态添加节点 db04 [(none)]> add slave 10.0.0.13:3306; Empty set (0.00 sec) db04 [(none)]> save config; Empty set (0.00 sec) db04 [(none)]> select * from backends; +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.15:3306 | up | rw | | 2 | 10.0.0.12:3306 | up | ro | | 3 | 10.0.0.13:3306 | up | ro | +-------------+----------------+-------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# grep "addresses" test.cnf proxy-backend-addresses=10.0.0.15:3306 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.0.0.12:3306,10.0.0.13:3306 6.自动分表 使用Atlas的分表功能时，首先需要在配置文件test.cnf设置tables参数。 tables参数设置格式：数据库名.表名.分表字段.子表数量 比如： 你的数据库名叫china，表名叫city，分表字段叫id，总共分为2张表。 那么就写为china.city.id.2 如果还有其他的分表，以逗号分隔即可。 7.关于读写分离建议 MySQL-Router ---》MySQL官方 ProxySQL -------》Percona Maxscale -------》MariaDB