读书笔记---《Docker 技术入门与实践》---为镜像添加SSH服务

之前说到可以通过attach和exec两个命令登陆容器，但是如果遇到需要远程通过ssh登陆容器的场景，就需要手动添加ssh服务。

下面介绍两种方法创建带有ssh服务的镜像，commit命令创建和通过Dockerfile创建。

一、通过commit命令创建镜像

docker提供了docker commit 命令，支持用户提交自己对容器的修改，并生成新的镜像。命令格式为 docker commit CONTAINER [REPOSITORY [:TAG] ]。

下面是如何为 ubuntu:18.04 镜像添加SSH服务的过程。

1.1、准备工作

首先，获取 ubuntu18:04 镜像，并创建一个容器

$ docker pull ubuntu:18.04

$ docker run -it ubuntu:18.04 bash

1.2、配置软件源

如果嫌官方源速度慢可以替换为国内源，这里以阿里源为例

首先备份文件 /etc/apt/sources.list ，然后替换其中内容。

root@99c04606894d:/# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse" > /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
root@99c04606894d:/# echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

更新软件源信息

root@99c04606894d:/# apt-get update

1.3、安装和配置SSH服务

安装openssh-server

root@99c04606894d:/# apt install openssh-server

为了服务正常启动，需要创建目录/var/run/sshd

root@99c04606894d:/# mkdir -p /var/run/sshd

后台启动服务：

root@99c04606894d:/# /usr/sbin/sshd -D &

想要使用netstat查看ssh服务所占用22端口，但是发现没有命令，则需要首先安装所需软件，使用apt-file查看需要安装的软件。

root@99c04606894d:/# apt-get install apt-file 

下面这一步一定要做
root@99c04606894d:/# apt-file update

root@99c04606894d:/# apt-file search /bin/netstat 
net-tools: /bin/netstat
netstat-nat: /usr/bin/netstat-nat

可以看到需要安装的软件包 net-tools，安装软件包并查看端口：

root@99c04606894d:/# apt-get install net-tools

root@99c04606894d:/# netstat -an | grep :22

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN

修改SSH服务的安全登陆配置，取消pam登陆限制：

root@99c04606894d:/# sed -ri 's/session  required  pam_loginuid.so/#session  required  pam_loginuid.so/g' /etc/pam.d/sshd

在容器root用户家目录下创建.ssh目录，并复制需要登陆的公钥信息(一般为宿主机用户家目录 .ssh/id_rsa.pub 文件，可以用 ssh-keygen -t rsa 命令生成) 到 authorized_keys 文件中：

root@99c04606894d:/# mkdir root/.ssh

root@99c04606894d:/# vi /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

如果没有 vi 命令，可以安装vim工具，apt-get install vim

创建自动启动SSH服务的可执行文件 run.sh，并添加可执行权限

root@99c04606894d:/# touch /run.sh
root@99c04606894d:/# chmod +x /run.sh
root@99c04606894d:/# vi /run.sh 
#!/bin/bash
/usr/sbin/sshd -D

最后，退出容器：

root@ce21cd862b7e:/# exit

1.4、保存镜像

查看容器

$ docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
99c04606894d        ubuntu:18.04        "bash"              About an hour ago   Exited (0) 9 seconds ago                       elegant_mendeleev

生成新的镜像 sshd:ubuntu

$ docker commit 99c04606894d sshd:ubuntu
sha256:275da5f9600434f238c2d455a8fd103e0c55ad5c6113d2739a56839985832363

查看镜像

$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
sshd                ubuntu              275da5f96004        7 seconds ago       494MB

1.5、使用镜像

启动容器，并映射宿主机 10022 端口到容器 22 端口：

$ docker run -p 10022:22 -d sshd:ubuntu /run.sh
ce21cd862b7edc64c0cd3853dc4a7c2fffe977a21254cd4b866748dac516b371

查看容器

$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
ce21cd862b7e        sshd:ubuntu         "/run.sh"           4 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:10022->22/tcp   fervent_jennings

登陆容器，不需要输入密码即可登陆

$ ssh root@192.168.121.121 -p 10022

The authenticity of host '[192.168.121.121]:10022 ([192.168.121.121]:10022)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:a5DBqdYJ+WuBgJh5GhRb/fXgrtZcgDpL0dzZZqzKy88.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:e2:d3:99:0b:d4:ce:9e:ea:f2:4b:18:d9:25:8d:08:fe.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.121.121]:10022' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage
This system has been minimized by removing packages and content that are
not required on a system that users do not log into.

To restore this content, you can run the 'unminimize' command.

The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

root@18ff1392f000:~#

二、使用Dockerfile创建

2.1、创建工作目录

首先，创建一个 sshd_ubuntu 工作目录

$ mkdir sshd_ubuntu

创建 Dockerfile 和 run.sh

$ cd sshd_ubuntu/
$ touch Dockerfile run.sh

$ vi run.sh 
#!/bin/bash
/usr/sbin/sshd -D

2.2、编写 authorized_keys 文件

在宿主机上生成 SSH 密钥对，并创建 authorized_keys 文件：

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >authorized_keys

2.3、编写 Dockerfile

$ vi Dockerfile

# 设置继承镜像
FROM ubuntu:18.04

# 提供一些作者的信息
MAINTAINER shangxiaozhou ([email protected])

# 下面开始运行命令，此处更改 ubuntu 的源为国内阿里的源
RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse" > /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN apt-get update

# 安装ssh服务
RUN apt-get install -y openssh-server
RUN mkdir -p /var/run/sshd
RUN mkdir -p /root/.ssh
RUN sed -ri 's/session  required  pam_loginuid.so/#session  required  pam_loginuid.so/g' /etc/pam.d/sshd

# 复制配置文件到相应位置，并赋予脚本可执行权限
ADD authorized_keys /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh

# 开放端口
EXPOSE 22
 
# 设置自启动命令
CMD ["/run.sh"]

View Code

2.4、创建镜像

$ docker build -t sshd:dockerfile .

查看创建的镜像

$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
sshd                dockerfile          828c78d68a36        9 seconds ago       231MB
ubuntu              18.04               4c108a37151f        4 weeks ago         64.2MB

2.5、运行容器

$ docker run -d -p 10022:22 sshd:dockerfile
b45d884c2cbb591fe97a34064c2b9ee09ffedf1cff22e992df0c582a99da2011

查看创建的容器

$ docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
b45d884c2cbb        sshd:dockerfile     "/run.sh"           3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:10022->22/tcp   lucid_brown

登陆容器

$ ssh root@192.168.121.121 -p 10022
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage
This system has been minimized by removing packages and content that are
not required on a system that users do not log into.

To restore this content, you can run the 'unminimize' command.

The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

root@b45d884c2cbb:~#

如果不让root直接无密码登陆容器，可以注释 ADD authorized_keys /root/.ssh/authorized_keys 这一步，使用下面命令代替，创建普通账户并设置密码，设置root密码
RUN useradd dkuser
RUN echo "dkuser:123456" | chpasswd
RUN echo "root:123456" | chpasswd

这样的话就只能通过普通账户dkuser登陆容器，然后再转到root用户。

读书笔记---《Docker 技术入门与实践》---为镜像添加SSH服务

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