主键id,Snowflake雪花算法，优点：生成有顺序的id，提高数据库的性能,现在大部分都不用uuid作为主键，因为不规则，每向数据库插入一条数据就要重新排列，使数据库性能降低。
package com.example.demo.test;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class SnowflakeIdFactory {
private final long twepoch = 1288834974657L;
private final long workerIdBits = 5L;
private final long datacenterIdBits = 5L;
private final long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
private final long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);
private final long sequenceBits = 12L;
private final long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
private final long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
private final long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
private final long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
private long workerId;
private long datacenterId;
private long sequence = 0L;
private long lastTimestamp = -1L;
public SnowflakeIdFactory(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));
}
if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));
}
this.workerId = workerId;
this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
}
public synchronized long nextId() {
long timestamp = timeGen();
if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
//服务器时钟被调整了,ID生成器停止服务.
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));
}
if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
if (sequence == 0) {
timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
}
} else {
sequence = 0L;
}
lastTimestamp = timestamp;
return ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift) | (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift) | (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
}
protected long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {
long timestamp = timeGen();
while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
timestamp = timeGen();
}
return timestamp;
}
protected long timeGen() {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
public static void testProductIdByMoreThread(int dataCenterId, int workerId, int n) throws InterruptedException {
List<Thread> tlist = new ArrayList<>();
Set<Long> setAll = new HashSet<>();
CountDownLatch cdLatch = new CountDownLatch(10);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int threadNo = dataCenterId;
Map<String,SnowflakeIdFactory> idFactories = new HashMap<>();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
//用线程名称做map key.
idFactories.put("snowflake"+i,new SnowflakeIdFactory(workerId, threadNo++));
}
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
Thread temp =new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Set<Long> setId = new HashSet<>();
SnowflakeIdFactory idWorker = idFactories.get(Thread.currentThread().getName());
for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
setId.add(idWorker.nextId());
}
synchronized (setAll){
setAll.addAll(setId);
//log.info("{}生产了{}个id,并成功加入到setAll中.",Thread.currentThread().getName(),n);
}
cdLatch.countDown();
}
},"snowflake"+i);
tlist.add(temp);
}
for(int j=0;j<10;j++){
tlist.get(j).start();
}
cdLatch.await();
long end1 = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
//log.info("共耗时:{}毫秒,预期应该生产{}个id, 实际合并总计生成ID个数:{}",end1,10*n,setAll.size());
}
public static void testProductId(int dataCenterId, int workerId, int n){
SnowflakeIdFactory idWorker = new SnowflakeIdFactory(workerId, dataCenterId);
SnowflakeIdFactory idWorker2 = new SnowflakeIdFactory(workerId+1, dataCenterId);
Set<Long> setOne = new HashSet<>();
Set<Long> setTow = new HashSet<>();
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
setOne.add(idWorker.nextId());//加入set
}
long end1 = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
//log.info("第一批ID预计生成{}个,实际生成{}个<<<<*>>>>共耗时:{}",n,setOne.size(),end1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
setTow.add(idWorker2.nextId());//加入set
}
long end2 = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
//log.info("第二批ID预计生成{}个,实际生成{}个<<<<*>>>>共耗时:{}",n,setTow.size(),end2);
setOne.addAll(setTow);
//log.info("合并总计生成ID个数:{}",setOne.size());
}
public static void testPerSecondProductIdNums(){
SnowflakeIdFactory idWorker = new SnowflakeIdFactory(1, 2);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; System.currentTimeMillis()-start<1000; i++,count=i) {
/** 测试方法一: 此用法纯粹的生产ID,每秒生产ID个数为300w+ */
idWorker.nextId();
/** 测试方法二: 在log中打印,同时获取ID,此用法生产ID的能力受限于log.error()的吞吐能力.
* 每秒徘徊在10万左右. */
//log.error("{}",idWorker.nextId());
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis()-start;
System.out.println(end);
System.out.println(count);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/** case1: 测试每秒生产id个数?
* 结论: 每秒生产id个数300w+ */
//testPerSecondProductIdNums();
/** case2: 单线程-测试多个生产者同时生产N个id,验证id是否有重复?
* 结论: 验证通过,没有重复. */
//testProductId(1,2,10000);//验证通过!
//testProductId(1,2,20000);//验证通过!
/** case3: 多线程-测试多个生产者同时生产N个id, 全部id在全局范围内是否会重复?
* 结论: 验证通过,没有重复. */
/*try {
testProductIdByMoreThread(1,2,100000);//单机测试此场景,性能损失至少折半!
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
*/
SnowflakeIdFactory factory = new SnowflakeIdFactory(1,2);
for(int i =0;i<10;i++){
System.out.println(factory.nextId());
}
}
}