一 .主备机器规划(各节点均进行以下操作)
1 设置host
master,slave两节点都要操作。
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.0.1 host1
192.168.0.1 host2
2.创建系统用户及datadir
useradd postgres
echo “postgres” | passwd postgres --stdin
mkdir /data/postgres/data -p
mkdir /data/postgres/log -p
mkdir /data/postgres/pg_archive -p
chown -R postgres.postgres /data/postgres/
3.解压安装文件；
yum -y update gcc
yum -y install g==
yum -y install g++
yum -y install gcc+
yum install -y libxml2-devel.x86_64
yum search libxml2-devel
yum search gcc
yum -y install libtool
yum -y install gcc-c++.x86_64
yum search readline
yum install -y readline-devel.x86_64
yum install -y zlib-devel.x86_86
cd /usr/local/
tar zxf /root/postgresql-9.5.10.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/postgresql-9.5.10/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql --with-libxml
make
make install
4.环境变量配置及yum,各节点均操作
su - postgres
vi .bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql
export PGDATA=/data/postgres/data/
export PG_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$PGHOME/lib/
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGDATABASE=postgres
source .bash_profile
二.主库安装；
1.主库初始化postgresql;
initdb -D /data/postgres/data/ -E UTF-8 --locale=zh_CN.UTF-8
2.修改参数配置（相关参数需要按机器配置调节）；
vi /data/postgres/data/postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
max_connections = 1000 # (change requires restart)
shared_buffers = 400MB # min 128kB
work_mem = 8MB # min 64kB
maintenance_work_mem = 100MB # min 1MB
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix # the default is the first option
bgwriter_delay = 10ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
wal_level = hot_standby # minimal, archive, hot_standby, or logical
# (change requires restart)
synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
wal_buffers = 16MB # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
# (change requires restart)
checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1h
archive_mode = on # enables archiving; off, on, or always
archive_command = 'cp %p /data/postgres/pg_archive/%f' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
max_wal_senders = 8 # max number of walsender processes
# (change requires restart)
wal_keep_segments = 128 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables
# (change requires restart)
hot_standby = on # "on" allows queries during recovery
max_standby_archive_delay = -1 # max delay before canceling queries
max_standby_streaming_delay = -1 # max delay before canceling queries
wal_receiver_status_interval = 2s # send replies at least this often
default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000
constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
log_destination = 'csvlog' # Valid values are combinations of
logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
# can include strftime() escapes
log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
log_rotation_age = 60d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time. 0 disables.
log_rotation_size = 1000MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
log_statement = 'mod' # none, ddl, mod, all
log_timezone = 'PRC'
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
timezone = 'PRC'
lc_messages = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for system error message
# strings
lc_monetary = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8' # locale for time formatting
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'
# (change requires restart)
# (change requires restart)
# directory 'conf.d'
#include '/var/lib/pgsql/tmp/rep_mode.conf' # added by pgsql RA
3.启动主数据库并建立同步用户
pg_ctl -D /data/postgres/data -l /data/postgres/log/pg_server.log start &
create role replicator login replication encrypted password ‘replicator’;
管理账号：
postgres=# create role admin superuser encrypted password ‘admin’;
4.配置
4.1 pg_hba IP限制；
vi /data/postgres/data/pg_hba.conf
添加下面内容
host replication replicator 10.39.43.0/24 trust
4.2 pg_hba生效：
pg_ctl -D /data/postgres/data/ reload
三.从库安装；(多从，步骤相同)
1.不需要初始化，直接从主库备份就行，如有DATA直接删掉或改名掉
pg_basebackup -h 192.168.0.1 -U replicator -F p -P -D /data/postgres/data/
可能得输入密码
备注：
-h，主库主机，-p，主库服务端口；
-U，复制用户；
-F，p是默认输出格式，输出数据目录和表空间相同的布局，t表示tar格式输出；
-P，同–progress，显示进度；
-D，输出到指定目录；
2.从上创建恢复文件recovery.conf
2.1.文件来源 此步可忽略
cp /usr/local/pgsql/share/recovery.conf.sample /data/postgres/data/recovery.conf
2.2
recovery文件中的参数
cat >>/data/postgres/data/recovery.conf <<EOF
standby_mode = on
primary_conninfo = ‘host=192.168.0.1 port=5432 user=replicator password=replicator’
recovery_target_timeline=‘latest’
EOF
备注：
vim ~/data/recovery.conf #在做基础备份时，也可通过-R参数在备份结束后自动生产一个recovery.conf文件
standby_mode = on #指明从库身份
primary_conninfo = ‘host=10.39.45.24 port=5432 user=同步用的用户名 password=密码’ #连接到主库信息
ecovery_target_timeline = ‘latest’ #同步到最新数据
指定触发文件，文件存在时，将触发从库提升为主库，前提是必须设置”standby_mode = on”；如果不设置此参数，也可采用”pg_ctl promote“触发从库切换成主库
#trigger_file = ‘/postgres/data/trigger_activestandby’
因为主库采用的是md5认证，这里需要密码认证。
3.启动从库数据服务
chmod 0700 /data/postgres/data/ -R
pg_ctl -D /data/postgres/data -l /data/postgres/log/pg_server.log start &
4.验证主从配置
2.4.1查看主库sender进程
ps -ef|grep postgres
查看有wal sender process 数据库中创建的同步用的用户名 从库地址
2.4.2查看从库sender进程
ps -ef|grep postgres
查看有wal receiver process
2.4.3用SQL看主从状态
psql
select * from pg_stat_replication;
主库会显示sync_state为async 地址是从库地址
从库查状态无记录