ubuntu zsh安装

参考：https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/

https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Themes#agnoster

http://logicmd.net/2012/11/installing-zsh-on-ubunt/

移除之前可能的oh-my-zsh的安装。

sudo apt-get install zsh git

if [ -d ~/.oh-my-zsh ]; then

rm -r ~/.oh-my-zsh

安装完成后设置当前用户使用 zsh：

chsh -s /bin/zsh

安装 git。

sudo apt-get install git

然后把shell切换成zsh，并重启计算机。

chsh -s `which zsh`

sudo shutdown -r 0

配置主要集中在用户当前目录的.zshrc里，用 vim 或你喜欢的其他编辑器打开.zshrc，在最下面会发现这么一行字：

# Customize to your needs…

接下来进行别名的设置，我自己的部分配置如下：

alias ll='ls -l'

alias la='ls -a'

alias vi='vim'

alias javac="javac -J-Dfile.encoding=utf8"

alias grep="grep --color=auto"

alias -s html=mate # 在命令行直接输入后缀为 html 的文件名，会在 TextMate 中打开

alias -s rb=mate # 在命令行直接输入 ruby 文件，会在 TextMate 中打开

alias -s bz2='tar -xjvf'

zsh 的牛粪之处在于不仅可以设置通用别名，还能针对文件类型设置对应的打开程序，比如：

alias -s html=mate，意思就是你在命令行输入 hello.html，zsh会为你自动打开 TextMat 并读取 hello.html； alias -s gz='tar -xzvf'，表示自动解压后缀为 gz 的压缩包。

默认主题是：

ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"

设置默认的user

DEFAULT_USER=‘’

可以自己命名，例如：lzyfn.zsh-theme ,内容为下面的，需要添加字体:

cd~/.fonts/ && git clone https://github.com/scotu/ubuntu-mono-powerline.git

主题 lzyfn.zsh-theme

### Segment drawing
# A few utility functions to make it easy and re-usable to draw segmented prompts

CURRENT_BG='NONE'

# Special Powerline characters

() {
  local LC_ALL="" LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
  # NOTE: This segment separator character is correct.  In 2012, Powerline changed
  # the code points they use for their special characters. This is the new code point.
  # If this is not working for you, you probably have an old version of the
  # Powerline-patched fonts installed. Download and install the new version.
  # Do not submit PRs to change this unless you have reviewed the Powerline code point
  # history and have new information.
  # This is defined using a Unicode escape sequence so it is unambiguously readable, regardless of
  # what font the user is viewing this source code in. Do not replace the
  # escape sequence with a single literal character.
  # Do not change this! Do not make it '\u2b80'; that is the old, wrong code point.
  ## SEGMENT_SEPARATOR=$'\ue0b0'
	SEGMENT_SEPARATOR='⮀'
}

# Begin a segment
# Takes two arguments, background and foreground. Both can be omitted,
# rendering default background/foreground.
prompt_segment() {
  local bg fg
  [[ -n $1 ]] && bg="%K{$1}" || bg="%k"
  [[ -n $2 ]] && fg="%F{$2}" || fg="%f"
  if [[ $CURRENT_BG != 'NONE' && $1 != $CURRENT_BG ]]; then
    echo -n " %{$bg%F{$CURRENT_BG}%}$SEGMENT_SEPARATOR%{$fg%} "
  else
    echo -n "%{$bg%}%{$fg%} "
  fi
  CURRENT_BG=$1
  [[ -n $3 ]] && echo -n $3
}

# End the prompt, closing any open segments
prompt_end() {
  if [[ -n $CURRENT_BG ]]; then
    echo -n " %{%k%F{$CURRENT_BG}%}$SEGMENT_SEPARATOR"
  else
    echo -n "%{%k%}"
  fi
  echo -n "%{%f%}"
  CURRENT_BG=''
}

### Prompt components
# Each component will draw itself, and hide itself if no information needs to be shown

# Context: user@hostname (who am I and where am I)
prompt_context() {
  if [[ "$USER" != "$DEFAULT_USER" || -n "$SSH_CLIENT" ]]; then
    prompt_segment cyan black  "%(!.%{%F{yellow}%}.)$USER@%m:"
  fi
}

# Git: branch/detached head, dirty status
prompt_git() {
  (( $+commands[git] )) || return
  local PL_BRANCH_CHAR
  () {
    local LC_ALL="" LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
    PL_BRANCH_CHAR=$'\ue0a0'         # 
  }
  local ref dirty mode repo_path
  repo_path=$(git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null)

  if $(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree >/dev/null 2>&1); then
    dirty=$(parse_git_dirty)
    ref=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2> /dev/null) || ref="➦ $(git rev-parse --short HEAD 2> /dev/null)"
    if [[ -n $dirty ]]; then
      prompt_segment yellow black
    else
      prompt_segment green black
    fi

    if [[ -e "${repo_path}/BISECT_LOG" ]]; then
      mode=" <B>"
    elif [[ -e "${repo_path}/MERGE_HEAD" ]]; then
      mode=" >M<"
    elif [[ -e "${repo_path}/rebase" || -e "${repo_path}/rebase-apply" || -e "${repo_path}/rebase-merge" || -e "${repo_path}/../.dotest" ]]; then
      mode=" >R>"
    fi

    setopt promptsubst
    autoload -Uz vcs_info

    zstyle ':vcs_info:*' enable git
    zstyle ':vcs_info:*' get-revision true
    zstyle ':vcs_info:*' check-for-changes true
    zstyle ':vcs_info:*' stagedstr '✚'
    zstyle ':vcs_info:*' unstagedstr '●'
    zstyle ':vcs_info:*' formats ' %u%c'
    zstyle ':vcs_info:*' actionformats ' %u%c'
    vcs_info
    ## echo -n "${ref/refs\/heads\//$PL_BRANCH_CHAR }${vcs_info_msg_0_%% }${mode}"
    echo -n "${ref/refs\/heads\//}${vcs_info_msg_0_%% }${mode}"
  fi
}

prompt_bzr() {
    (( $+commands[bzr] )) || return
    if (bzr status >/dev/null 2>&1); then
        status_mod=`bzr status | head -n1 | grep "modified" | wc -m`
        status_all=`bzr status | head -n1 | wc -m`
        revision=`bzr log | head -n2 | tail -n1 | sed 's/^revno: //'`
        if [[ $status_mod -gt 0 ]] ; then
            prompt_segment yellow black
            echo -n "bzr@"$revision "✚ "
        else
            if [[ $status_all -gt 0 ]] ; then
                prompt_segment yellow black
                echo -n "bzr@"$revision

            else
                prompt_segment green black
                echo -n "bzr@"$revision
            fi
        fi
    fi
}

prompt_hg() {
  (( $+commands[hg] )) || return
  local rev status
  if $(hg id >/dev/null 2>&1); then
    if $(hg prompt >/dev/null 2>&1); then
      if [[ $(hg prompt "{status|unknown}") = "?" ]]; then
        # if files are not added
        prompt_segment red white
        st='±'
      elif [[ -n $(hg prompt "{status|modified}") ]]; then
        # if any modification
        prompt_segment yellow black
        st='±'
      else
        # if working copy is clean
        prompt_segment green black
      fi
      echo -n $(hg prompt "☿ {rev}@{branch}") $st
    else
      st=""
      rev=$(hg id -n 2>/dev/null | sed 's/[^-0-9]//g')
      branch=$(hg id -b 2>/dev/null)
      if `hg st | grep -q "^\?"`; then
        prompt_segment red black
        st='±'
      elif `hg st | grep -q "^[MA]"`; then
        prompt_segment yellow black
        st='±'
      else
        prompt_segment green black
      fi
      echo -n "☿ $rev@$branch" $st
    fi
  fi
}

# Dir: current working directory
prompt_dir() {
  ## prompt_segment blue black '%~'
	prompt_segment cyan black '%~'
}

# Virtualenv: current working virtualenv
prompt_virtualenv() {
  local virtualenv_path="$VIRTUAL_ENV"
  if [[ -n $virtualenv_path && -n $VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT ]]; then
    prompt_segment blue black "(`basename $virtualenv_path`)"
  fi
}

# Status:
# - was there an error
# - am I root
# - are there background jobs?
prompt_status() {
  local symbols
  symbols=()
  [[ $RETVAL -ne 0 ]] && symbols+="%{%F{red}%}✘"
  [[ $UID -eq 0 ]] && symbols+="%{%F{yellow}%}⚡"
  [[ $(jobs -l | wc -l) -gt 0 ]] && symbols+="%{%F{cyan}%}⚙"

  [[ -n "$symbols" ]] && prompt_segment black default "$symbols"
}

## Main prompt
build_prompt() {
  RETVAL=$?
  prompt_status
  prompt_virtualenv
  prompt_context
  prompt_dir
  prompt_git
  prompt_bzr
  prompt_hg
  prompt_end
}

PROMPT='%{%f%b%k%}$(build_prompt) '

oh my zsh 项目提供了完善的插件体系，相关的文件在~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins目录下，默认提供了100多种，大家可以根据自己的实际学习和工作环境采用，想了解每个插件的功能，只要打开相关目录下的 zsh 文件看一下就知道了。插件也是在 ~.zshrc 配置文件里，找到plugins关键字，你就可以加载自己的插件了，系统默认加载 git ，你可以在后面追加内容，如下：

plugins=(rails3 rails git textmate ruby rvm gem git github brew bundler textmate pow)

下面简单介绍几个：

1、git：当你处于一个 git 受控的目录下时，Shell 会明确显示「git」和 branch，如上图所示，另外对 git 很多命令进行了简化，例如 gco=’git checkout’、gd=’git diff’、gst=’git status’、g=’git’等等，熟练使用可以大大减少 git 的命令长度，命令内容可以参考~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh

2、textmate：mr可以创建 ruby 的框架项目，tm finename 可以用 textmate 打开指定文件。

3、osx：tab 增强，quick-look filename 可以直接预览文件，man-preview grep 可以生成 grep手册的pdf 版本等。

4、autojump：zsh 和 autojump 的组合形成了 zsh 下最强悍的插件，今天我们主要说说这货。

首先安装autojump，如果你用 Mac，可以使用 brew 安装：

brew install autojump

如果是 Linux，去下载 autojump 的最新版本，比如：

wget https://github.com/downloads/joelthelion/autojump/autojump_v21.1.2.tar.gz

解压缩后进入目录，执行

./install.sh

最后把以下代码加入.zshrc：

[[ -s ~/.autojump/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh ]] && . ~/.autojump/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh

至此，安装、配置、插件三位一体，终极 Shell 全面登场。退出终端会话重新登录，开始感受 zsh 的训疾如风！

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