二、小项目实践
项目描述：对一个用户的姓、名、年龄进行增删查改，使用ssh框架 + apache的dbcp连接池。
1、确认commons-dbcp.jar已被导入(按照上篇的操作，则会被导入)
2、使用mysql数据库，建立名为mytest的数据库，创建表users
create table users ( id int not null, firstname varchar(50) not null, lastname varchar(50) not null, age int not null, primary key (id) ) ENGIN = InnoDB ROW_FORMAT = DEFAULT;3、入口网页index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!-- 增加页面的structs支持 --> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> </head> <body> <h1><font color="red">Operation List</font> </h1> <s:a href="save.jsp">Save User</s:a><br><br><br> <!-- structs提供的标签 --> <s:a href="listUser.action"> List User</s:a> <!-- 通过调用服务器端的资源来显示所有用户 --> </body> </html>4、新建save.jsp，保存用户页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>save user</title> </head> <body> <h1><font color="red">Save User</font> </h1> <s:form action="saveUser"> <s:textfield name="user.firstname" label="firstname"></s:textfield> <s:textfield name="user.lastname" label="lastname"></s:textfield> <s:textfield name="user.age" label="age"></s:textfield> <s:submit></s:submit> </s:form> </body> </html>
5、新建包com.test.bean，在其中新建User.java
这个javabean就好了。然后生成与之对应的hibernate配置文件。在相同的包里新建User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.test.bean.User" table="users">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id"> <generator class="increment"/><!-- 主键生成策略为increment --> </id>
<property column="firstname" name="firstname" type="string" length="50"> </property> <property column="lastname" name="lastname" type="string" length="50"> </property> <property column="age" name="age" type="java.lang.Integer"> </property> </class>
</hibernate-mapping>
6、新建包com.test.action.user，在包中新建SaveUserAction.java
package com.test.action.user; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.test.bean.User; import com.test.service.UserService; public class SaveUserAction extends ActionSupport { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private User user; private UserService service; public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //不自己实现保存用户，而是调用业务逻辑层来实现 this.service.save(this.user); return this.SUCCESS; } public UserService getService() { return service; } public void setService(UserService service) { this.service = service; } }7、为页面添加国际化支持。在src目录下新建文件struts.properties，在文件中写上
struts.custom.i18n.resources=globalMessages在src目录下新建globalMessages_en.properties，在文件中写上
firstname=firstname lastname=lastname age=age在src目录下新建globalMessages_zh.properties，添加对应关系，在文件中写上(这里用图形化操作比较好)
firstname=\u59D3 lastname=\u540D age=\u5E74\u9F84即firstname对应“姓”，lastname对应“名”，age对应“年龄”。
修改save.jsp，将label属性改一下，修改后为
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>save user</title> </head> <body> <h1><font color="red">Save User</font> </h1> <s:form action="saveUser"> <s:textfield name="user.firstname" label="%{getText('firstname')}"></s:textfield> <s:textfield name="user.lastname" label="%{getText('lastname')}"></s:textfield> <s:textfield name="user.age" label="%{getText('age')}"></s:textfield> <s:submit></s:submit> </s:form> </body> </html>这样，save.jsp就有了国际化的支持了。
8、新建包com.test.dao，在包中新建UserDAO.java
package com.test.dao; import java.util.List; import com.test.bean.User; public interface UserDAO { public void saveUser(User user); public void removeUser(User user); public User findUserById(Integer id); public List<User> findAllUsers(); public void updateUser(User user); }9、新建包com.test.dao.impl，在包中新建UserDAOImpl.java
package com.test.dao.impl; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; import com.test.bean.User; import com.test.dao.UserDAO; public class UserDAOImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDAO { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public List<User> findAllUsers() { // 根据hql查询 //@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") String hql = "from User user order by user.id desc"; return (List<User>)this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql); } public User findUserById(Integer id) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub User user = (User)this.getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class, id); return user; } public void removeUser(User user) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this.getHibernateTemplate().delete(user); } public void saveUser(User user) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user); } public void updateUser(User user) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this.getHibernateTemplate().update(user); } }10、新建包com.test.service，在包中新建UserService.java
package com.test.service; import java.util.List; import com.test.bean.User; public interface UserService { public List<User> findAll(); public void save(User user); public void delete(User user); public User findById(Integer id); public void update(User user); }11、新建包com.test.service.impl，在包中新建UserServiceImpl.java
package com.test.service.impl; import java.util.List; import com.test.bean.User; import com.test.dao.UserDAO; import com.test.service.UserService; public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { private UserDAO userDao; public void delete(User user) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this.userDao.removeUser(user); } public List<User> findAll() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return this.userDao.findAllUsers(); } public User findById(Integer id) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return this.userDao.findUserById(id); } public void save(User user) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this.userDao.saveUser(user); } public void update(User user) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub this.userDao.updateUser(user); } public UserDAO getUserDao() { return userDao; } public void setUserDao(UserDAO userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; } }12、编辑structs.xml，添加action的信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <package name="user" extends="struts-default"> <action name="saveUser" class="saveUserAction"> <result name="success" type="redirect">listUser.action</result> <!-- 输入正确的话跳转到另一个action --> <result name="input">/saveUser.jsp</result> <!-- 输入错误的话跳就在saveUser.jsp页面继续输入 --> </action> </package> </struts>13、这时如果打开tomcat，会报错，Action class [saveUserAction] not found，这时因为我们的structs.xml里面配置的是一个别名，这个别名是由Spring来为我们提供的，但是这个Spring的配置文件我们还没编写。
14、把mysql-connector-java-5.0.3-bin.jar连接器拷贝到项目的lib目录下，编辑/WebRoot/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"> <!-- 整个文件是一层一层注入，从数据源注入到sessionFactory，然后从sessionFactory注入到dao --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <!-- 配置数据库连接池 --> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest"></property> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="moiyer"></property> <property name="maxActive" value="100"></property> <property name="maxIdle" value="30"></property> <property name="maxWait" value="500"></property> <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="true"></property> <!-- 本项目中的操作不需要事务，都是原子性的 --> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> <property name="mappingResources"> <list> <value>com/test/bean/User.hbm.xml</value><!-- 即包com.test.bean下的User.hbm.xml --> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="com.test.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl" scope="singleton"> <!-- 这个singleton与设计模式里的singleton模式不同 --> <property name="sessionFactory"> <ref bean="sessionFactory"/> </property> </bean> <bean id="userService" class="com.test.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"> <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property> </bean> <bean id="saveUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.SaveUserAction"> <property name="service" ref="userService"></property> </bean> </beans>这时打开tomcat，会报错，Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in...这是因为myeclipse为我们自动导入包的时候造成了包冲突，删除lib目录下的asm-2.2.3.jar即可解决。
15、到现在为止，项目的ssh框架已经完全整合起来了。打开tomcat,访问http://localhost:8080/mytest/index.jsp，保存用户，不论中英文都可以在数据库中保存（将字符集设置成utf-8比较好：将页面pagecoding设置成utf-8，将structs设置成utf-8（默认已如此），将mysql设置成utf-8）。这时保存用户提交后页面会跳转到一个无法访问的页面，这是因为这个页面我们还没有写，但是可以从数据库看是否成功。
16、在包com.test.action.user中新建ListUserAction.java
package com.test.action.user; import java.util.Map; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.test.service.UserService; public class ListUserAction extends ActionSupport { @Override public String execute() throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Map request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request"); request.put("list", service.findAll()); return SUCCESS; } private UserService service; public UserService getService() { return service; } public void setService(UserService service) { this.service = service; } }在structs.xml中加上listuser的action
<action name="listUser" class="listUserAction"> <result>/list.jsp</result> <!-- 直接跳到list.jsp --> </action>在applicationContext.xml中加上listuser的bean
<bean id="listUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.ListUserAction"> <property name="service" ref="userService"></property> </bean>
17、在WebRoot中新建list.jsp
18、重新打开tomcat，进行插入用户操作，操作成功。自此，这个小项目基本完成。
19、添加输入校验信息。有两种方法：(1)、使用在action的validate方法中进行输入信息的校验。(2)、使用模型驱动来进行校验，基于structs2校验框架。第一种方法比较容易理解，下面使用第二种方法来实现。有2种校验方式，方法1）编写校验文件：在包com.test.action.user包中新建SaveUserAction-validation.xml（注意名字一定为这个）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN" "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd"> <validators> <field name="user.firstname"> <field-validator type="requiredstring"> <message>required first name</message> </field-validator> </field> <field name="user.lastname"> <field-validator type="requiredstring"> <message>required last name</message> </field-validator> </field> <field name="user.age"> <field-validator type="required"> <message>required age</message> </field-validator> <field-validator type="int"> <param name="min">1</param> <param name="max">150</param> <message>age should be between ${min} and ${max}</message> </field-validator> </field> </validators>方法2）在包com.test.action.user包中新建SaveUserAction-validation.xml（注意名字一定为这个）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN" "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd"><validators>
<field name="user">
<field-validator type="visitor"> <!-- visitor类型表示通过另外一个配置文件对user的属性进行校验 -->
<param name="context">user</param> <!-- 与实际校验文件的名字有关，“类名-user-validation” -->
<param name="appendPrefix">true</param> <!-- 几个提示信息的前缀相同，都为user's -->
<message>user's </message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>在com.test.bean包中新建校验文件User-user-validation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN" "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd"> <validators> <field name="firstname"> <field-validator type="requiredstring"> <message>required first name</message> </field-validator> </field> <field name="lastname"> <field-validator type="requiredstring"> <message>required last name</message> </field-validator> </field> <field name="age"> <field-validator type="required"> <message>required age</message> </field-validator> <field-validator type="int"> <param name="min">1</param> <param name="max">150</param> <message>age should be between ${min} and ${max}</message> </field-validator> </field> </validators>20、好了，校验框架完成了。但是如果第一次输入的数据错误，点提交报错后，再填错误的信息提交，但是输出的错误消息会叠加，这显然是错误的。对于使用structs2.0管理的项目，请求来了之后，actionservelet会创建一个action，不会出现这个错误。但是我们的项目是由spring管理的，action是由bean工厂来创建的，默认是单例的，即使用创建的一个action来处理所有的用户请求，所以就会出现上述错误。解决方法 是修改applicationContext.xml的action申明
<bean id="saveUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.SaveUserAction" scope="prototype"> <!-- scope保证对于每一个新的请求，会创建一个新的action来处理 --> <property name="service" ref="userService"></property> </bean> <bean id="listUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.ListUserAction" scope="prototype"> <property name="service" ref="userService"></property> </bean>21、删除用户功能。在包com.test.action.user中新建RemoveUserAction.java
package com.test.action.user; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.test.bean.User; import com.test.service.UserService; public class RemoveUserAction extends ActionSupport { private User user; private UserService service; public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } public UserService getService() { return service; } public void setService(UserService service) { this.service = service; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { this.service.delete(user); return SUCCESS; } }
在structs.xml中添加action的声明
在applicationContext.xml中添加action的声明
<bean id="removeUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.RemoveUserAction" scope="prototype"> <property name="service" ref="userService"></property> </bean>好了，项目的删除功能已经完成了。
22、完成更新功能。在包com.test.action.user中新建UpdatePUserAction.java这个action进行更新预处理
在structs.xml中添加action的声明
<action name="updatePUser" class="updatePUserAction"> <result name="success">/update.jsp</result> </action>在applicationContext.xml中添加action的声明
<bean id="updatePUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.UpdatePUserAction" scope="prototype"> <property name="service" ref="userService"></property> </bean>在WebRoot下新建update.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'update.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <h1><font color="red">Update User</font></h1> <s:form action="updateUser"> <table> <tr> <td> <s:hidden name="user.id" value="%{user.id}"></s:hidden> <!-- 将id设为不显示，但是还是会提交 --> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <s:textfield name="user.firstname" value="%{user.firstname}" label="%{getText('firstname')}"></s:textfield> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <s:textfield name="user.lastname" value="%{user.lastname}" label="%{getText('lastname')}"></s:textfield> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <s:textfield name="user.age" value="%{user.age}" label="%{getText('age')}"></s:textfield> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <s:submit></s:submit> </td> </tr> </table> </s:form> </body> </html>在包com.test.action.user中新建UpdateUserAction.java这个action真正进行更新
package com.test.action.user; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.test.bean.User; import com.test.service.UserService; public class UpdateUserAction extends ActionSupport { private User user; private UserService service; public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } public UserService getService() { return service; } public void setService(UserService service) { this.service = service; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { this.service.update(user); return SUCCESS; } }在structs.xml中添加action的声明
<action name="updateUser" class="updateUserAction"> <result name="success" type="redirect">listUser.action</result> <result name="input">/update.jsp</result> </action>在applicationContext.xml中添加action的声明
<bean id="updateUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.UpdateUserAction" scope="prototype"> <property name="service" ref="userService"></property> </bean>输入校验，在包com.test.user.action中新建UpdateUserAction-validation.xml，内容与SaveUserAction-validation.xml相同。
到此，更新功能已经完成。
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/moiyer/archive/2011/08/15/2316166.html