MySQL Crash Course #20# Chapter 28. Managing Security

限制用户的操作权限并不是怕有人恶意搞破坏，而是为了减少失误操作的可能性。

关于用户的信息都存储在 mysql 数据库下的 user 表中，查看所有用户名：

mysql> USE mysql;

mysql> SELECT user FROM user;
+------------------+
| user             |
+------------------+
| root             |
| root             |
| root             |
| debian-sys-maint |
| root             |
+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)

创建新用户：

CREATE USER 'new_guy'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
-- 创建一个叫 new_guy 的账号，只允许在 localhost 登陆，密码为 123456

明文密码会被加密为 HASH 码存储到 user 表中：

mysql> SELECT host, user, password FROM user WHERE user='new_guy';

+-----------+---------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user    | password                                  |
+-----------+---------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | new_guy | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------+---------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 可以通过下面的语句查看用户的详细信息：

SELECT * FROM user WHERE user='new_guy'\G

没有被赋予任何权限的新用户几乎是什么都做不了：

-- 授权
GRANT SELECT ON mysqlCrash.* TO 'new_guy'@'localhost';
-- 剥夺权限
REVOKE SELECT ON mysqlCrash.* FROM 'new_guy'@'localhost';
-- 查看用户权限
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'new_guy'@'localhost';

GRANT and REVOKE can be used to control access at several levels:

• Entire server, using GRANT ALL and REVOKE ALL

• Entire database, using ON database.*

• Specific tables, using ON database.table

• Specific columns

• Specific stored procedures

Table 28.1 lists each of the rights and privileges that may be granted or revoked.

Table 28.1. Rights and Privileges

Privilege	Description
ALL	All privileges except GRANT OPTION
ALTER	Use of ALTER TABLE
ALTER ROUTINE	Use of ALTER PROCEDURE and DROP PROCEDURE
CREATE	Use of CREATE TABLE
CREATE ROUTINE	Use of CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES	Use of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
CREATE USER	Use of CREATE USER, DROP USER, RENAME USER, and REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES
CREATE VIEW	Use of CREATE VIEW
DELETE	Use of DELETE
DROP	Use of DROP TABLE
EXECUTE	Use of CALL and stored procedures
FILE	Use of SELECT INTO OUTFILE and LOAD DATA INFILE
GRANT OPTION	Use of GRANT and REVOKE
INDEX	Use of CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX
INSERT	Use of INSERT
LOCK TABLES	Use of LOCK TABLES
PROCESS	Use of SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST
RELOAD	Use of FLUSH
REPLICATION CLIENT	Access to location of servers
REPLICATION SLAVE	Used by replication slaves
SELECT	Use of SELECT
SHOW DATABASES	Use of SHOW DATABASES
SHOW VIEW	Use of SHOW CREATE VIEW
SHUTDOWN	Use of mysqladmin shutdown (used to shut down MySQL)
SUPER	Use of CHANGE MASTER, KILL, LOGS, PURGE MASTER, and SET GLOBAL. Also allows mysqladmin debug login.
UPDATE	Use of UPDATE
USAGE	No access

删除用户用 DROP USER xxx 就可以了。

更多杂七杂八的操作，请参考 MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual  /  Security  /  MySQL User Account Management  /  Using Roles