专职DBA-MySQL简介及安装.docx 课程介绍 MySQL专职DBA课程更新中.......................... 要求掌握80%以上相当于DBA中级以上，两年工作经验。 课程大纲： (1).MySQL5.7二进制安装部署，编译安装自己扩展 (2).MySQL升级步骤扩展 (3).MySQL5.7体系结构原理 (4).MySQL基础管理 (5).基础SQL语句使用 (6).SQL高级应用 (7).Information_schema获取元数据 (8).索引、执行计划管理（基础优化） (9).存储引擎 (10).日志管理 (11).备份与恢复 (12).主从复制及架构演变 (13).传统的高可用及读写分离（MHA+Atlas） (14).传统分布式架构设计与实现-扩展（Mycat--->DBLE、DRDS） (15).MySQL5.7高可用及分布式架构-扩展（MGR、InnoDB Cluster） (16).MySQL优化（安全、性能） (17).MySQL 监控（zabbix、Open-falcon） (18).RDS、DRDS（阿里云课程） (19).NoSQL-Redis缓存技术 (20).NoSQL-MongoDB分布式数据库技术 (21).PG（了解） (22).Oracle（了解） 官方定义的MySQL DBA工作职责 (1)开发DBA 懂至少一门开发语言：Java、Python、Golang 基本SQL语句深入学习（增删改查）、数据库结构设计（建模） 高级SQL：存储过程、函数、触发器、视图、事件 (2)运维DBA 初级运维DBA：各版本、各平台安装搭建、升级 中级运维DBA：基础管理（启动关闭、初始化配置文件管理、多实例管理）、基本SQL增删改查、体系结构原理、用户权限管理、索引管理、存储引擎、日志管理、备份恢复、主从复制（构建、状态监控）、故障处理。 高级运维DBA：高性能优化、高可用集群。 以上两点是专职DBA必备技能！！！ DBA的职业素养（更新中。。。。。。） (1).人品：贩卖数据，泄露数据，严禁恶意删库删表，收起你的好奇心，保护好自己。 (2).态度：天外有天，人外有人，把最简单的事情做得最漂亮。 (3).严谨：做最规范事，理论实践结合，杜绝最佳实践，要有理论支撑或者实践检验（面试问你上一家DBA规范，说几条？？） (4).细心：变更类的操作，危险性操作，多思考。 (5).心态：能顶住压力，别惹事，出事别怕事。 (6).熟悉操作系统：精通各类Linux操作系统。 (7).熟悉公司业务（开发）：业务是什么？产品的功能、用户的行为（热功能、热数据），熟悉至少一种开发语言：Python/Golang/Java。 (8).熟悉行业：了解发展趋势，数据库种类、数据库版本、数据库产品类型、什么企业用什么数据库。https://db-engines.com/en/ranking (9).喜欢数据库：体验很重要，必须真正喜欢数据库。 (10).保持学习：保持每天额外2小时以上学习，熟悉数据库周边技术产品。 DBA精神 责任心、服务心、沟通心、学习心，进取心和分享心，这六大体现正是DBA精神的基石所在。 什么是数据？ 数据：文字、图片、视频。。。。。。人类认知的数据表现方式。 计算机：二进制、16进制的机器语言 基于数据的重要性和复杂性的不同，我们可能有不同的管理方式。 哪些数据是适合存储到数据库的呢？ 1.重要性比较高的 2.关系较复杂的数据 什么是数据库管理系统（DBMS）？ RDBMS：关系型数据库管理系统 比较适合于，安全级别要求高的数据以及关系较复杂的数据 NoSQL：非关系型数据库管理系统 适合于高性能存取数据，一般是配合RDBMS进行使用的。 针对大数据处理分析，分布式架构更加擅长。 数据库管理系统种类 RDBMS：MySQL 、Oracle、SQL Server、PostgreSQL NoSQL：Not Only SQL 键值对（key-value）：Redis、Memcached 文档型（document）：MongoDB MySQL版本企业选择 规范： GA版本：稳定的发布版本。 版本类型： E：企业版，收费版本，SR，偏向传统行业。 C：社区版，开源版本，互联网企业的选择。 企业版本选择：一般新上的环境，会选择GA版6-12月的产品版本。 企业主流版本： 5.6版本：5.6.20 5.6.34 5.6.36 5.6.38 5.6.40 5.7版本：5.7.18 5.7.20 5.7.22 5.7.24 面试问：你们公司用什么版本的数据库呀？ 5.6.38 5.7.20 面试问：你们公司怎么还在用这么低的版本？ 我们这个业务已经运行4年了，一直用的5.6版本，非常稳定。 所以说暂时没有打算升级。（业务4年圆谎：大版本是5.6，中间有运维做过升级，我在公司不久。） GA时间问题漏洞怎么说？ 刚去上家公司不到两年，上一个DBA交接的时候业务已经运行的两年多了，我接手的时候mysql的版本已经是5.6.38了，应当是做过小版本的升级。 我们公司现在用的是5.7的，你能胜任吗？ 能。虽然我们生产中一直使用的5.6，但是我对5.7的新特性已经足够了解了。所以我完全能够胜任贵公司的工作。 MySQL分支： Oracle MySQL MariaDB PerconaDB RDS AliSQL MySQL软件下载：GA时间记住 https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/ 输入：www.mysql.com 点击：downloads 点击：Archives 点击：MySQL Community Server 选择：Product Version：MySQL软件版本5.7.20 选择：Operating System：二进制包、源码包 选择：OS Version：系统版本 ------------------------------------------------------------ RPM包：Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux 二进制包：Linux - Generic（不需要二次开发和不需要添加功能） 源码包：Source Code（需要二次开发的时候，需要做统一配置管理的时候）
MySQL是C语言开发的 mysql-5.7.20 GA时间：2017-09-13 硬件服务器选型： 主机：Dell PowerEdge R940 CPU：2路 内存：64G（单根8G，8根） 硬盘：6块500G 2块做RAID 1安装CentOS 7.4 x86_64和MySQL数据库/app/mysql 4块做RAID 10存放MySQL数据库数据/data/mysql 网卡：4块网卡做bonding技术 虚拟机模拟做RAID mdadm命令 参数 作用 -a 检测设备名称 -n 指定设备数量 -l 指定RAID级别 -C 创建 -v 显示过程 -f 模拟设备损坏 -r 移除设备 -Q 查看摘要信息 -D 查看详细信息 -S 停止RAID磁盘阵列 -x 指定备份盘 # mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -a yes -n 4 -l 10 /dev/sd{c,d,e,f} # mkfs.xfs /dev/md0 # mkdir /data # mount /dev/md0 /data # df -Th # mdadm -D /dev/md0 CentOS系统安装参考脚本：install_linux_os.sh 企业级网卡绑定技术 [root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no DEVICE=eth0 MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes [root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no DEVICE=eth1 MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes [root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no DEVICE=eth2 MASTER=bond1 SLAVE=yes [root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth3 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no DEVICE=eth3 MASTER=bond1 SLAVE=yes [root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no DEVICE=bond0 IPADDR=10.0.0.51 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=10.0.0.2 NM_CONTROLLED=no [root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond1 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no DEVICE=bond1 IPADDR=192.168.10.51 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NM_CONTROLLED=no [root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf search db01 nameserver 10.0.0.2 nameserver 223.5.5.5 nameserver 223.6.6.6 [root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/modprobe.d/bond.conf alias bond0 bonding options bond0 miimon=100 mode=6 alias bond1 bonding options bond1 miimon=100 mode=6 [root@db01 ~]# //etc/init.d/network restart Shutting down interface bond0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface bond1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface bond0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface bond1: [ OK ] [root@db01 ~]# ifconfig bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.0.0.51 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea8:6f2f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:a8:6f:2f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 3496 bytes 424705 (414.7 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 16536 bytes 1382324 (1.3 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 bond1: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.10.51 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea8:6f43 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:a8:6f:43 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 88 bytes 12470 (12.1 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 12799 bytes 768996 (750.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eth0: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:a8:6f:2f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 670 bytes 82430 (80.4 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 7 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 9808 bytes 1011200 (987.5 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eth1: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:a8:6f:39 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 3416 bytes 415187 (405.4 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 7194 bytes 472662 (461.5 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eth2: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:a8:6f:43 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 32 bytes 5515 (5.3 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 4 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 6433 bytes 386496 (377.4 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eth3: flags=6211<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SLAVE,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:a8:6f:4d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 62 bytes 7315 (7.1 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 6366 bytes 382500 (373.5 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 8 bytes 672 (672.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 8 bytes 672 (672.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@db01 ~]# ping www.baidu.com -c 4 PING www.a.shifen.com (182.61.200.6) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 182.61.200.6 (182.61.200.6): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=13.6 ms 64 bytes from 182.61.200.6 (182.61.200.6): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=5.17 ms 64 bytes from 182.61.200.6 (182.61.200.6): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=16.5 ms 64 bytes from 182.61.200.6 (182.61.200.6): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=5.54 ms --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3005ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.179/10.232/16.540/4.980 ms 备份网卡文件 [root@db01 ~]# ls -l /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 139 Jun 28 23:40 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 126 Jun 28 23:32 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 88 Jun 28 23:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 88 Jun 28 23:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 88 Jun 28 23:35 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 88 Jun 28 23:35 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth3 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 254 Aug 24 2018 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo [root@db01 ~]# zip -r /backup/eth0123.zip /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 (deflated 14%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond1 (deflated 7%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 (deflated 3%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 (deflated 3%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 (deflated 5%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth3 (deflated 3%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo (deflated 25%) [root@db01 ~]# ls -l /backup/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2243 Jun 29 01:14 eth0123.zip MySQL数据库二进制安装 [root@db01 ~]# mkdir -p /app 打开CRT或者Xftp上传mysql二进制安装包（建议使用Xftp上传） [root@db01 ~]# cd /app/ [root@db01 /app]# rz -y rz waiting to receive. Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel. Transferring mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz... 100% 626100 KB 13043 KB/sec 00:00:48 0 Errors [root@db01 /app]# ls -lh total 612M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 612M Jan 1 00:00 mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 解压mysql二进制包 [root@db01 /app]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@db01 /app]# ls -l total 626104 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 Jun 29 01:27 mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 641127384 Jan 1 00:00 mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@db01 /app]# du -sh * 2.5G mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 612M mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@db01 /app]# mv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /disk/soft/ [root@db01 /app]# mv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql [root@db01 /app]# ls -l total 0 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 Jun 29 01:27 mysql [root@db01 /app]# cd mysql/ [root@db01 /app/mysql]# ls -l total 36 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 29 01:27 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 17987 Sep 13 2017 COPYING drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 55 Jun 29 01:27 docs drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 29 01:27 include drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 229 Jun 29 01:27 lib drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 30 Jun 29 01:27 man -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 2478 Sep 13 2017 README drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 Jun 29 01:27 share drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 90 Jun 29 01:27 support-files 修改环境变量 [root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/profile export PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH :wq [root@db01 ~]# source /etc/profile 查看MySQL版本 [root@db01 ~]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.20, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper 卸载mariadb数据库的依赖包 [root@db01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 [root@db01 ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs -y 创建mysql用户和组 [root@db01 ~]# id mysql id: mysql: no such user [root@db01 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql [root@db01 ~]# id mysql uid=1000(mysql) gid=1000(mysql) groups=1000(mysql) [root@db01 ~]# mkdir -p /data [root@db01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data [root@db01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /app 检查mysql依赖包是否安装 [root@db01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep ncurses-devel ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 [root@db01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep libaio libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 [root@db01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep gcc gcc-c++-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64 libgcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64 gcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64 gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64 如果你没有安装依赖包就用yum装 [root@db01 ~]# yum install ncurses-devel libaio libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Package ncurses-devel-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package gcc-4.8.5-36.el7_6.2.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package gcc-c++-4.8.5-36.el7_6.2.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do 初始化数据库 5.6版本的初始化数据库，初始化完成后：无密码和无安全策略的） /app/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/app/mysql \ --datadir=/data/mysql \ 5.7版本的初始化数据库，有两种初始化方式： (1).第一种初始化方式：开启临时密码和安全策略。 初始化数据，初始化管理员的临时密码。 /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/app/mysql \ --datadir=/data/mysql \ (2).第二种初始化方式和之前一样，是无密码无安全策略的。 初始化数据，初始化管理员的密码为空。 /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/app/mysql \ --datadir=/data/mysql \ 安全策略？？？ 密码的复杂度进行了要求，对于密码的过期时间设置了限制。 新特性重要说明： 5.7开始MySQL加入了全新的密码安全机制： 1.初始化完成后会生成临时密码（显示到屏幕上，并且会往日志中记一份） 2.密码复杂度：长度：超过12位？复杂度：字符混乱组合。 3.密码过期时间180天。 开始初始化数据库 [root@db01 ~]# /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure \ > --user=mysql \ > --basedir=/app/mysql \ > --datadir=/data/mysql \ 2019-06-28T17:51:12.363922Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2019-06-28T17:51:12.780289Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2019-06-28T17:51:12.864221Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2019-06-28T17:51:12.924660Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 51ae7e15-99cd-11e9-a44b-000c29a86f2f. 2019-06-28T17:51:12.926919Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2019-06-28T17:51:12.929988Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option. 初始化参数介绍： --initialize-insecure \ 是用无安全限制的方式进行数据初始化 --user=mysql \ 设置数据的管理用户 --basedir=/app/mysql \ 软件的安装路径 --datadir=/data/mysql \ 数据的存储位置 [root@db01 ~]# cd /data/mysql/ [root@db01 /data/mysql]# ls -l total 110628 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 Jun 29 01:51 auto.cnf -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 419 Jun 29 01:51 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jun 29 01:51 ibdata1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jun 29 01:51 ib_logfile0 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jun 29 01:51 ib_logfile1 drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 29 01:51 mysql drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jun 29 01:51 performance_schema drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 Jun 29 01:51 sys 书写默认配置文件 [root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] user=mysql basedir=/app/mysql datadir=/data/mysql/ server_id=6 port=3306 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] socket=/tmp/mysql.sock prompt=mysql [\\d]> \ 配置启动脚本 [root@db01 ~]# cd /app/mysql/support-files/ [root@db01 /app/mysql/support-files]# ls -l total 24 -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 773 Sep 13 2017 magic -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 1061 Sep 14 2017 mysqld_multi.server -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 894 Sep 14 2017 mysql-log-rotate -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 10576 Sep 14 2017 mysql.server [root@db01 /app/mysql/support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@db01 /app/mysql/support-files]# cd [root@db01 ~]# ls -l /etc/init.d/mysqld -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10576 Jun 29 01:57 /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@db01 ~]# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@db01 ~]# ls -l /etc/init.d/mysqld -rwx------ 1 root root 10576 Jun 29 01:57 /etc/init.d/mysqld 启动数据库 [root@db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/db01.err'. SUCCESS! 检查进程端口信息 [root@db01 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep mysql tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 33742/mysqld [root@db01 ~]# ss -tunlp | grep mysql tcp LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=33742,fd=20)) [root@db01 ~]# ps -elf | grep mysql 4 S root 33576 1 0 80 0 - 28328 do_wai 01:59 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql/ --pid-file=/data/mysql//db01.pid 4 S mysql 33742 33576 0 80 0 - 281344 poll_s 01:59 pts/0 00:00:00 /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/app/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=db01.err --pid-file=/data/mysql//db01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306 0 R root 33800 6386 0 80 0 - 28177 - 02:00 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@db01 ~]# lsof -i :3306 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 33742 mysql 20u IPv6 87103 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN) [root@db01 ~]# lsof -i :mysql COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 33742 mysql 20u IPv6 87103 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN) 使用systemd管理mysql启动 [root@db01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target 使用systemd启动mysql之前，先将原来模式启动mysqld先关闭 [root@db01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@db01 ~]# ss -tunlp | grep mysql [root@db01 ~]# [root@db01 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:mysqld(8) https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html [root@db01 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld.service Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service. [root@db01 ~]# ls -l /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Jun 29 02:22 /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service [root@db01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service [root@db01 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-06-29 02:23:40 CST; 5s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Main PID: 34169 (mysqld) CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─34169 /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.615863Z 0 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::'; Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.615875Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'. Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.618347Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /data/mysql/ib_buffer_pool Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.620480Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 190629 2:23:40 Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.629209Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.630331Z 0 [Note] /app/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: Version: '5.7.20' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.630343Z 0 [Note] Executing 'SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;' to get...s check. Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.630346Z 0 [Note] Beginning of list of non-natively partitioned tables Jun 29 02:23:40 db01 mysqld[34169]: 2019-06-28T18:23:40.643196Z 0 [Note] End of list of non-natively partitioned tables Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. [root@db01 ~]# ss -tunlp | grep mysql tcp LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=34169,fd=16)) [root@db01 ~]# ps -elf | grep mysql 4 S mysql 34169 1 0 80 0 - 281410 poll_s 02:23 ? 00:00:00 /app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 0 R root 34242 6386 0 80 0 - 28177 - 02:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql socket文件 [root@db01 ~]# ls -l /tmp/ total 4 srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Jun 29 02:23 mysql.sock -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 6 Jun 29 02:23 mysql.sock.lock 登录数据库 [root@db01 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql [(none)]> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql [(none)]> exit; Bye 设置数据库root密码为123 [root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123 Enter password: mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety. [root@db01 ~]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql [(none)]> exit; Bye [root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 密码字段authentication_string mysql [(none)]> select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user; +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | authentication_string | +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | | mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | | mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql [(none)]> exit; Bye [root@db01 ~]#