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2009年11月23日 星期一 这里是美国——感恩节对美国人来说意味着什么
THIS IS AMERICA - What Thanksgiving Day Means to People in US
Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA. I'm Faith Lapidus. This Thursday is a day for families and friends to share a special holiday meal and think about what they are thankful for. This week on our program, we ask some people to share their favorite memories of Thanksgiving Day.
欢迎来到“这里是美国”节目。我是费斯·拉皮德斯。这个星期四是美国人与亲友共享节日盛宴、怀想感恩的日子。本周在我们的节目当中，我们邀请嘉宾，分享他们感恩节最甜蜜的回忆。
Special English reporters June Simms and Dana Demange talked to people about the holiday.
特别英语节目的记者June Simms 和 Dana Demange给大家讲述了感恩节。
JIM OLDHAM: "My name is Jim Oldham and I'm from Nashville, Tennessee. I remember my father drove a bus and my mother was a waitress, and so we often didn't get to have Thanksgiving together. And I remember when I was about twelve, her work and his work permitted us all to do that. And we had brothers and sisters, and the traditional turkey and all the trimmings. We always had pumpkin pie, and if we were really lucky, a little bit of whipped cream on top. And it was just a wonderful day."
杰姆·欧德汉姆：“我的名字叫杰姆·欧德汉姆，我来自田纳西州的纳什维尔市。我记得我父亲是开公共汽车的，母亲是个侍应生，所以我们总是不能聚在一起过感恩节。我记得大概是我12岁时，母亲和父亲换了工作，我们全家才能在一起过节。兄弟姐妹（团聚），分享传统火鸡大餐，还有火鸡旁边的配料。我们总是吃南瓜派，如果运气好，还能尝到南瓜派顶上的一点生奶油，那日子真是美妙极了。”
ANN GEIGER: "I'm Ann Geiger from Tucson, Arizona. Thanksgiving is special for our family because like so many families our adult children live around the country. And we usually get at least part of them together for Thanksgiving."
安·盖革：“我叫安·盖革，来自亚利桑那州的图森市。感恩节对我们全家来说非同一般，因为正如许多家庭一样，我们成年的孩子住在乡下，通常，至少要把部分家人接来过节。”
REPORTER: "And what is one of your fondest Thanksgiving Day memories?"
记者：“感恩节你最喜爱的回忆是什么？”
ANN GEIGER: "Oh, I think a recent Thanksgiving when my son and I had a turkey cook-off. He brined his turkey and I didn't brine mine. And we decided which one was the best."
安·盖革：“噢，我想是上次感恩节时我和我儿子搞的火鸡烹饪比赛。他卤了只火鸡，但我的火鸡没有卤，我们俩看谁做的火鸡最好吃。”
REPORTER: "Who won?"
记者：“谁赢了？”
ANN GEIGER: "He did."
安·盖革：“他赢了。”
Brining is a way to prepare meat in a salt solution, whether for a competitive "cook-off" or just any meal. Traditionally the meat served on Thanksgiving is turkey. The bird is usually served with side dishes including a mixture known either as stuffing or dressing.
卤菜是用盐水腌肉的一种方式，无论是竞赛式的烹饪表演，或任何其它菜肴，都可适用。传统意义上，感恩节的餐桌上的大餐是火鸡，火鸡常伴以配菜，如佐料、果酱或生菜等。
Many families also bring out their finest table settings -- the "good china" -- for Thanksgiving.
许多家庭也会带上他们上等的餐具——精美的瓷器——去过感恩节。
JOEL UPTON: "My name is Joel Upton. I'm from Livingston, Tennessee. Thanksgiving at my family was always a time when brothers and sisters, aunts and uncles, cousins, we all got together. And someone would bring different dishes. Someone would bring the sweet potatoes. Someone would bring the meat. Someone would bring the dressing. And we would all sort of combine the efforts to have a family Thanksgiving dinner and bring out the good china for that particular event.
乔尔·阿普顿：“我叫乔尔·阿普顿，来自田纳西州的利文斯顿市。感恩节在我家总是兄弟姐妹、叔伯婶婶及堂表兄妹相聚的日子。他们有的会带些餐具，有的弄些红薯，有的带点肉，有的送些配菜。我们会把各种菜肴加以组合，烹制一道家庭感恩大餐，还拿出精美的瓷制餐具享用那道特别的盛宴。”
“And Thanksgiving also, in my early days when I was a child, the kids would all get to play, maybe we hadn't seen each other for a while. The men would always watch a football game on TV. And Thanksgiving was just a really, really special time. And, of course, we had in mind the Pilgrims and what it was all about too. But it was a family time."
“感恩节也是我幼年时期与童年伙伴们相聚的时节，（因为）可能我们很长时间没有见面了。男士们总是看电视足球比赛。感恩节是一个真真正正特别的时刻，当然，我们也将先祖也铭记在心，并懂得这个节日的全部涵义。但感恩节（更）是家庭相聚的时刻。”
The Pilgrims first arrived in America in sixteen twenty. They were separatists from the Church of England and other settlers. The ship that brought the first group was the Mayflower.
清教徒于1620年首次到达美洲，他们脱离了当时的英国教会和其他殖民者，将这首批清教徒带往美洲的轮船叫“五月花”。
An exploring party landed at Plymouth, in what became the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The state is named after an American Indian tribe -- a recognition of the groups that came long before the Pilgrims.
这群开拓者们在普利茅斯登陆，它后来成为马萨诸塞州的联邦所在地。该州以一位美印第安人部落的名字命名——这是对远远早于开拓者们抵达此地的定居部落的认识。
The first Pilgrims established a village. Those who survived the first difficult years held harvest festivals and religious celebrations of thanksgiving. These events formed the basis of the holiday that Americans now celebrate.
首批开拓者们建立了村庄，从最艰难的岁月里幸存下来的人们为丰收庆祝了数日，并举行了感恩的宗教庆祝仪式。这些仪式构成了美国人现在庆祝的感恩节的基础。
But there are no official "rules" for a Thanksgiving meal. Some people like to find ways to do things a little differently.
感恩节的大餐并没有正式的“规定”。有人喜欢设法做点与平日不同的事情。
BUTCH HUNSINGER: "Butch Hunsinger from Williamsport, Pennsylvania."
巴奇·汉森格：“我叫巴奇·汉森格，来自宾夕法尼亚州的威廉波特。”
REPORTER: "The bird. What are you going to do differently this year?"
记者：“鸟儿。今年你准备怎样捉鸟儿？”
BUTCH HUNSINGER: "Try to shoot it myself, instead of go to the store to buy it. Go to the family cabin, and hunt on the family land and try to call in a turkey and fire away."
巴奇·汉森格：“我准备自己射一只，不到店里买。到家庭狩猎地去打猎，试着找一只火鸡，用枪打掉。”
REPORTER: "And who's the better shot in the family?"
记者：“你们家谁的枪法好？”
BUTCH: "Oh my son, by far."
巴奇：“噢，我儿子要好得多。”
REPORTER: "What about your worst Thanksgiving memory?"
记者：“感恩节你最糟糕的回忆是什么？”
BUTCH: "Worst...[Laughter] The worst was also the funnest, 'cause I got up early Thanksgiving day and we went to the Burwick Marathon, but it's a nine-mile road race. Just a crusher." [Laughter]
巴奇：“最糟糕的……[笑声]最糟糕的一次也是最有趣的一次，因为感恩节那天我起床很早，我们去搞柏威克马拉松比赛，但全长只有9米远，一下子就跑完了。[笑声]”
HUGUETTE MBELLA: "Hi, my name is Huguette Mbella. And I was born in Cameroon and grew up in France. And I live now in the United States in Washington, D.C. The whole concept of Thanksgiving was a little bit bizarre. In France, the main celebration is Christmas, not Thanksgiving."
哈哥特·摩贝拉：“嗨，我叫哈哥特·摩贝拉，出生在喀麦隆，在法国长大，现在定居美国华盛顿特区。感恩节的整个观念（对我来说）有些怪诞。在法国主要是过圣诞节，不过感恩节。”
REPORTER: "Can you think of one of your most fond Thanksgiving memories?"
记者：“你能想一个记忆中最喜欢的感恩故事吗？”
HUGUETTE MBELLA: "I would say my first one. It was in New York. Suddenly the turkey comes on the table, and I was amazed by the size. It was huge! The first thing that came to my mind was actually that's a lot of food!"
哈哥特·摩贝拉：“我想说的是我的第一个感恩节。那是在纽约。突然，火鸡出现在餐桌上，我看见它的体形，惊讶极了，那么大！脑海中的第一个反应就是：这可够吃的了！”
ELIZABETH BRINKMAN: "My name is Elizabeth Brinkman and I'm from Cleveland, Ohio. It was always a day that my mother did all the cooking. And we had turkey and I got to chop the vegetables for the dressing. And we got out the good china."
伊丽莎白·布利恩克曼：“我叫伊丽莎白·布利恩克曼，来自俄亥俄州的克利夫兰市。这天总是我妈妈亲手下厨，火鸡有了，我切配菜。然后我们拿出精美的瓷器（享用大餐）。”
GORDON GEIGER: "Gordon Geiger from Tucson, Arizona. We used to get together at my parents' house and all of my relatives would come over and we'd have a big dinner. And after dinner we would watch football games on the television.
戈登·盖革：“我叫戈登·盖革，来自亚利桑那州的图森市。我们过去常常在父母家中团聚，家中的亲戚都会过去，我们要吃一顿丰盛的午餐。餐后我们会看电视足球比赛。
I think it's probably really the most important holiday in the United States because it is a day that is not tied to a particular religion. It is not tied as much to commercial activities. It's more a reflection of the fact that we've had a good life and we appreciate it."
“我想感恩节可能是美国真正最重要的节日，因为这一天与某个特定的宗教传统没有关系，与商业活动也没有多大关系。它更反映了一种事实，那就是我们拥有并珍惜美好的生活。”
This Thanksgiving, Americans can be thankful that the Great Recession may be over. But the job market faces a long recovery. Unemployment is now above ten percent. And if the underemployed are added, the rate is seventeen and a half percent. The underemployed are people no longer searching for work or only able to find part time jobs.
这个感恩节，大萧条时期将会结束，美国人对此心怀感恩，但就业市场仍然面临较长时间的恢复。如果失业率增加，可能会涨到17.5%。失业的人再也找不到工作，只能打打零工。
Last week, the United States Department of Agriculture released its "household food security" report for two thousand eight. The study found that families in seventeen million households had difficulty getting enough food at times during the year. That was almost fifteen percent -- up from eleven percent in two thousand seven. It was the highest level since the current surveys began in nineteen ninety-five.
上周，美国农业部发布了2008年“家用食物安全”的报告。报告发现，1，700万户家庭在2008年存在粮食短缺问题，短缺率达到15%，而2007年只有11%。这是自1995年以来现行调查中的最高水平。
The Agriculture Department says poverty is the main cause of food insecurity and hunger in the United States.
农业部说，贫困是美国食物危机和饥饿的主要问题。
President Obama, in a statement, called the report unsettling. Especially troubling, he said, is that there were more than five hundred thousand families in which a child experienced hunger multiple times during the year.
美国总统奥巴马在一次演讲中称这个报告使人心惶惶。他说，尤其令人心忧的是，一年期间，在500，000个家庭中就有一个孩子多次遭受饥饿（的折磨）。
He said the first task is to renew job growth, but added that his administration is taking other steps to prevent hunger. These include an increase in aid for people in the government's nutrition assistance program, commonly known as food stamps.
他说，首要的工作就是提高就业率，但又说，政府还会采取其它措施防止饥荒。这包括增加行政人员的营养援助计划，即公众熟知的食物邮票。
The Continental Congress wrote the first national Thanksgiving proclamation in seventeen seventy-seven, during the Revolutionary War. George Washington issued the first presidential Thanksgiving proclamation in seventeen eighty-nine. Here is part of what he wrote.
美国独立战争期间，“大陆会议”于1777年首次写下美国感恩宣言。乔治·华盛顿于1789年首次发表总统感恩宣言。以下是总统所写的部分宣言：
“Whereas it is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the providence of almighty God, to obey his will, to be grateful for his benefits, and humbly to implore his protection and favor -- and whereas both houses of Congress have by their joint committee requested me "to recommend to the people of the United States a day of public thanksgiving and prayer to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many signal favors of Almighty God, especially by affording them an opportunity peaceably to establish a form of government for their safety and happiness.”
“世界各国须接受万能上帝的旨意，遵守他的意愿，对他的福祉心怀感激，并乞求他的护佑——鉴于两院之联合请求，现推立感恩节日，以使公众祝愿得以遵随，感恩之心得以认可。万能上帝护佑苍生，特赐众人和平良机，建立政府，以享安全幸福。”
“Now therefore I do recommend and assign Thursday the twenty-sixth day of November next to be devoted by the people of these states to the service of that great and glorious being, who is the beneficent author of all the good that was, that is, or that will be ...”
“现特立11月26日周四为各州人民共享之节日，（使吾民尽享）先驱伟大光荣遗志，（使其知晓，）先驱仁慈之心将昭示古往今来一切向善之众。”
Sarah Josepha Hale was a magazine editor and writer who campaigned for a Thanksgiving holiday. That way, there would be "two great American national festivals," she said, the other being Independence Day on the Fourth of July.
莎拉·约瑟福·黑尔是一家杂志的编辑和作家，她曾经开展过感恩节的活动。她说，这样就会有“两大美国节日”了。另外一个是7月4日的“美国独立日”。
In September of eighteen sixty-three, Sarah Josepha Hale appealed to President Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln had made proclamations in the spring of eighteen sixty-two and sixty-three. But these gave thanks for victories in battle during the Civil War.
1863年9月，莎拉·约瑟福·黑尔向亚拉伯罕林肯提出（设立感恩节的）请求。林肯在1862年和1863年春天发表宣言，但这些仅仅是对内战期间战争取得胜利的感恩。
Then came another proclamation on October third, eighteen sixty-three. It gave more general thanks for the blessings of the year. This is part of what it said:
接着是1863年12月3日的另一个宣言，它给那一年的祝福带来的感恩更多，也更为广泛。以下就是此篇宣言的部分内容：
“In the midst of a civil war of unequaled magnitude and severity, which has sometimes seemed to foreign states to invite and to provoke their aggression, peace has been preserved with all nations, order has been maintained, the laws have been respected and obeyed, and harmony has prevailed everywhere, except in the theater of military conflict, while that theater has been greatly contracted by the advancing armies and navies of the Union.
“内战的硝烟未散，然势均力敌之局已破，艰难严酷之时暂消，国外各省一度蠢蠢欲动，内外勾结，挑衅侵犯。（如今，）各国和平得以维护，政令得以维持，法律得以尊随，全国大兴和谐之风，军方冲突的战区[theater战区]尤甚，而此战区已被我海陆两军大大削弱。”
“Needful diversions of wealth and of strength from the fields of peaceful industry to the national defense have not arrested the plow, the shuttle, or the ship; the ax has enlarged the borders of our settlements, and the mines, as well of iron and coal as of the precious metals, have yielded even more abundantly than heretofore. ...”
“国防和平工业战场上之财力还未转移到农业及车船航运之上；大刀阔斧向前，居所界线扩充；煤铁等贵重金属矿物之产量尤甚于往昔……”
“I do therefore invite my fellow-citizens in every part of the United States, and also those who are at sea and those who are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last Thursday of November next as a day of thanksgiving and praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the heavens.”
“兹邀请吾国子民，海外侨胞，特设11月之周四为感恩节日，（使）吾民赞美天堂仁慈之主。”
Lincoln's proclamation began a tradition. Presidents have issued Thanksgiving proclamations every year since eighteen sixty-three. All can be found on the Web site of the Pilgrim Hall Museum in Plymouth.
林肯的宣言开启了感恩节的传统。自1863年以来，历届总统每年都会颁布感恩节宣言。所有这些传统及宣言都能在朴利茅斯的“朝圣堂博物馆”网站上找到。
In nineteen forty-one, Franklin Roosevelt was president. Roosevelt approved a resolution by Congress. It established, by law, the fourth Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day.
在1941年，富兰克林罗斯福总统批准了国会的一项议案。该议案通过法律（的形式）将（每年）11月的第四个星期四定为感恩节。
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/licheng/archive/2009/11/28/1612464.html