mongodb sharding cluster(分片集群)

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>

MongoDB的auto-sharding功能是指mongodb通过mongos自动建立一个水平扩展的数据库集群系统，将数据库分表存储在sharding的各个节点上。通过把Sharding和Replica Sets相结合，可以搭建一个分布式的，高可用性，自动水平扩展的集群。要构建MongoDB Sharding Cluster，需要三种角色： Shard Server: mongod 实例，使用 Replica Sets，确保每个数据节点都具有备份、自动容错转移、自动恢复能力。用于存储实际的数据块，实际生产环境中一个shard server角色可由几台机器组个一个relica set承担，防止主机单点故障 Config Server: mongod 实例，使用 3 个配置服务器，确保元数据完整性(two-phase commit)。存储了整个 Cluster Metadata，其中包括 chunk 信息。 Route Server: mongos 实例，配合 LVS，实现负载平衡，提高接入性能(high performance)。前端路由，客户端由此接入，且让整个集群看上去像单一数据库，前端应用可以透明使用。环境如下： 192.168.198.131 shard1:10001 shard2:10002 shard3:10003 config1:20000 192.168.198.129 shard1:10001 shard2:10002 shard3:10003 config2:20000 192.168.198.132 shard1:10001 shard2:10002 shard3:10003 config3:20000 192.168.198.133 mongos:30000 分别在三台服务器上安装mongod服务，安装如下： # wget http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.3.tgz # tar zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.3.tgz -C ../software/ # ln -s mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.3 /usr/local/mongodb # useradd mongodb # mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard1 # mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard2 # mkdir -p /data/mongodb/shard3 # mkdir -p /data/mongodb/config1 配置shard1的replica set 192.168.198.131 # cd /usr/local/mongodb/bin # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 10001 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard1 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/shard1.log --logappend --fork 192.168.198.129 # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 10001 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard1 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/shard1.log --logappend --fork 192.168.198.132 # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 10001 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard1 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard1/shard1.log --logappend --fork 连接到192.168.198.131 # ./mongo --port 10001 > config={_id:"shard1",members:[ ... {_id:0,host:"192.168.198.131:10001"}, ... {_id:1,host:"192.168.198.129:10001"}, ... {_id:2,host:"192.168.198.132:10001"}] ... } > rs.initiate(config) { "info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minute.", "ok" : 1 } PRIMARY> rs.status() { "set" : "shard1", "date" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:37:55Z"), "myState" : 1, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.198.131:10001", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1330655827000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:37:07Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.198.129:10001", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 36, "optime" : { "t" : 1330655827000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:37:07Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:37:53Z"), "pingMs" : 0 }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.198.132:10001", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 36, "optime" : { "t" : 1330655827000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:37:07Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:37:53Z"), "pingMs" : 466553 } ], "ok" : 1 } 配置shard2的replica set 192.168.198.129 # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 10002 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard2 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard2/shard2.log --logappend --fork 192.168.198.131 # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 10002 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard2 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard2/shard2.log --logappend --fork 192.168.198.132 # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 10002 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard2 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard2/shard2.log --logappend --fork 连接到192.168.198.129 # ./mongo --port 10002 > config={_id:"shard2",members:[ ... {_id:0,host:"192.168.198.129:10002"}, ... {_id:1,host:"192.168.198.131:10002"}, ... {_id:2,host:"192.168.198.132:10002"}] ... } { "_id" : "shard2", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.198.129:10002" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.198.131:10002" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.198.132:10002" } ] } > rs.initiate(config) { "info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minute.", "ok" : 1 } > rs.status() { "set" : "shard2", "date" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:53:17Z"), "myState" : 1, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.198.129:10002", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1330656717000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:51:57Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.198.131:10002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 73, "optime" : { "t" : 1330656717000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:51:57Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:53:17Z"), "pingMs" : 1 }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.198.132:10002", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 73, "optime" : { "t" : 1330656717000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:51:57Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2012-03-02T02:53:17Z"), "pingMs" : 209906 } ], "ok" : 1 } 配置shard3的replica set 192.168.198.132 # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard3 --port 10003 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard3 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard3/shard3.log --logappend --fork 192.168.198.129 # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard3 --port 10003 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard3 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard3/shard3.log --logappend --fork 192.168.198.131 # ./mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard3 --port 10003 --dbpath /data/mongodb/shard3 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /data/mongodb/shard3/shard3.log --logappend --fork 连接到192.168.198.132 # ./mongo --port 10003 > config={_id:"shard3",members:[ ... {_id:0,host:"192.168.198.132:10003"}, ... {_id:1,host:"192.168.198.131:10003"}, ... {_id:2,host:"192.168.198.129:10003"}] ... } { "_id" : "shard3", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.198.132:10003" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.198.131:10003" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.198.129:10003" } ] } > rs.initiate(config) { "info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minute.", "ok" : 1 } > rs.status() { "set" : "shard3", "date" : ISODate("2012-03-02T03:04:52Z"), "myState" : 1, "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "192.168.198.132:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "optime" : { "t" : 1330657451000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T03:04:11Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.198.131:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 39, "optime" : { "t" : 1330657451000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T03:04:11Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2012-03-02T03:04:52Z"), "pingMs" : 0 }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.198.129:10003", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 39, "optime" : { "t" : 1330657451000, "i" : 1 }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2012-03-02T03:04:11Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2012-03-02T03:04:52Z"), "pingMs" : 0 } ], "ok" : 1 } 配置config 192.168.198.131 # ./mongod --configsvr --dbpath /data/mongodb/config1 --port 20000 --logpath /data/mongodb/config1/config1.log --logappend --fork 192.168.198.129 # ./mongod --configsvr --dbpath /data/mongodb/config2 --port 20000 --logpath /data/mongodb/config2/config2.log --logappend --fork 192.168.198.132 # ./mongod --configsvr --dbpath /data/mongodb/config3 --port 20000 --logpath /data/mongodb/config3/config3.log --logappend --fork 配置mongos # ./mongos --configdb 192.168.198.131:20000,192.168.198.129:20000,192.168.198.132:20000 --port 30000 --chunkSize 1 --logpath /data/mongodb/mongos.log --logappend --fork 配置shard cluster # ./mongo --port 30000 mongos> use admin switched to db admin 加入shards mongos> db.runCommand({addshard:"shard1/192.168.198.131:10001,192.168.198.129:10001,192.168.198.132:10001"}); { "shardAdded" : "shard1", "ok" : 1 } mongos> db.runCommand({addshard:"shard2/192.168.198.131:10002,192.168.198.129:10002,192.168.198.132:10002"}); { "shardAdded" : "shard2", "ok" : 1 } mongos> db.runCommand({addshard:"shard3/192.168.198.131:10003,192.168.198.129:10003,192.168.198.132:10003"}); { "shardAdded" : "shard3", "ok" : 1 } 列出shards mongos> db.runCommand({listshards:1}) { "shards" : [ { "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.198.129:10001,192.168.198.131:10001,192.168.198.132:10001" }, { "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.198.129:10002,192.168.198.131:10002,192.168.198.132:10002" }, { "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.198.129:10003,192.168.198.131:10003,192.168.198.132:10003" } ], "ok" : 1 } 激活数据库分片 mongos> db.runCommand({enablesharding:"test"}); { "ok" : 1 } 通过以上命令，可以将数据库test跨shard，如果不执行，数据库只会存放在一个shard，一旦激活数据库分片，数据库中的不同的collection将被存放在不同的shard上，但一个collection仍旧存放在同一个shard上，要使collection也分片，需对collection做些其他操作。 collection分片 mongos> db.runCommand({shardcollection:"test.data",key:{_id:1}}) { "collectionsharded" : "test.data", "ok" : 1 } 分片的collection只能有一个在分片key上的唯一索引，其他唯一索引不被允许。查看shard信息 mongos> printShardingStatus() --- Sharding Status --- sharding version: { "_id" : 1, "version" : 3 } shards: { "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.198.129:10001,192.168.198.131:10001,192.168.198.132:10001" } { "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.198.129:10002,192.168.198.131:10002,192.168.198.132:10002" } { "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.198.129:10003,192.168.198.131:10003,192.168.198.132:10003" } databases: { "_id" : "admin", "partitioned" : false, "primary" : "config" } { "_id" : "test", "partitioned" : true, "primary" : "shard1" } test.data chunks: shard1 1 { "_id" : { $minKey : 1 } } -->> { "_id" : { $maxKey : 1 } } on : shard1 { "t" : 1000, "i" : 0 } mongos> use test switched to db test mongos> db.data.stats() { "sharded" : true, "flags" : 1, "ns" : "test.data", "count" : 0, "numExtents" : 1, "size" : 0, "storageSize" : 8192, "totalIndexSize" : 8176, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 8176 }, "avgObjSize" : 0, "nindexes" : 1, "nchunks" : 1, "shards" : { "shard1" : { "ns" : "test.data", "count" : 0, "size" : 0, "storageSize" : 8192, "numExtents" : 1, "nindexes" : 1, "lastExtentSize" : 8192, "paddingFactor" : 1, "flags" : 1, "totalIndexSize" : 8176, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 8176 }, "ok" : 1 } }, "ok" : 1 } 测试：插入大量数据 mongos> for (var i=1;i<=500000;i++) db.data.save ({_id:i,value:"www.ttlsa.com"}) mongos> printShardingStatus() --- Sharding Status --- sharding version: { "_id" : 1, "version" : 3 } shards: { "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.198.129:10001,192.168.198.131:10001,192.168.198.132:10001" } { "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.198.129:10002,192.168.198.131:10002,192.168.198.132:10002" } { "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.198.129:10003,192.168.198.131:10003,192.168.198.132:10003" } databases: { "_id" : "admin", "partitioned" : false, "primary" : "config" } { "_id" : "test", "partitioned" : true, "primary" : "shard1" } test.data chunks: shard1 6 shard2 5 shard3 11 too many chunks to print, use verbose if you want to force print mongos> db.data.stats() { "sharded" : true, "flags" : 1, "ns" : "test.data", "count" : 500000, "numExtents" : 19, "size" : 22000084, "storageSize" : 43614208, "totalIndexSize" : 14062720, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 14062720 }, "avgObjSize" : 44.000168, "nindexes" : 1, "nchunks" : 22, "shards" : { "shard1" : { "ns" : "test.data", "count" : 112982, "size" : 4971232, "avgObjSize" : 44.00021242321786, "storageSize" : 11182080, "numExtents" : 6, "nindexes" : 1, "lastExtentSize" : 8388608, "paddingFactor" : 1, "flags" : 1, "totalIndexSize" : 3172288, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 3172288 }, "ok" : 1 }, "shard2" : { "ns" : "test.data", "count" : 124978, "size" : 5499056, "avgObjSize" : 44.00019203379795, "storageSize" : 11182080, "numExtents" : 6, "nindexes" : 1, "lastExtentSize" : 8388608, "paddingFactor" : 1, "flags" : 1, "totalIndexSize" : 3499328, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 3499328 }, "ok" : 1 }, "shard3" : { "ns" : "test.data", "count" : 262040, "size" : 11529796, "avgObjSize" : 44.000137383605555, "storageSize" : 21250048, "numExtents" : 7, "nindexes" : 1, "lastExtentSize" : 10067968, "paddingFactor" : 1, "flags" : 1, "totalIndexSize" : 7391104, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 7391104 }, "ok" : 1 } }, "ok" : 1 }

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/766/blog/211517

mongodb sharding cluster(分片集群)

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