1.概要
用于记录 执行时间超过某个临界值的SQL的日志，用于快速定位慢查询。
我们优化的参考。
slow query log
开启日志，设置临界时间，读取日志内容，优化对应SQL
2.开启日志，利用配置完成
mysql> show variables like 'slow_query_log';
+----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------+-------+
| slow_query_log | OFF |
+----------------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global slow_query_log=on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'slow_query_log';
+----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------+-------+
| slow_query_log | ON |
+----------------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'long_query_time';
+-----------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-----------+
| long_query_time | 10.000000 |
+-----------------+-----------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> set long_query_time=0.5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'long_query_time';
+-----------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+----------+
| long_query_time | 0.500000 |
+-----------------+----------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
3.查看日志
# Time: 2019-06-02T13:29:09.150989Z
# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost [::1] Id: 29
# Query_time: 1.910755 Lock_time: 0.000073 Rows_sent: 5 Rows_examined: 1400005
use mysql_test;
SET timestamp=1559482149;
select * from t_student order by rand() limit 5;
4.profile信息
详细记录SQL的执行时间的工具。
开启profile，执行SQL自动记录，读取SQL形成的profile信息。
4.1 开启profile
mysql> show variables like 'profiling';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| profiling | OFF |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> set profiling=on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'profiling';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| profiling | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
4.2 查询profile
mysql> show profiles\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Query_ID: 1
Duration: 0.00217450
Query: show variables like 'profiling'
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Query_ID: 2
Duration: 0.00078675
Query: SELECT DATABASE()
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Query_ID: 3
Duration: 2.55289900
Query: select * from t_student order by rand() limit 5
3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
4.3 具体某条SQL的详细步骤时间
mysql> show profile for query 3;
+--------------------------------+----------+
| Status | Duration |
+--------------------------------+----------+
| starting | 0.000017 |
| Waiting for query cache lock | 0.000003 |
| starting | 0.000003 |
| checking query cache for query | 0.000060 |
| checking permissions | 0.000004 |
| Opening tables | 0.001803 |
| init | 0.000022 |
| System lock | 0.000007 |
| optimizing | 0.000003 |
| statistics | 0.000054 |
| preparing | 0.000011 |
| Creating tmp table | 0.000045 |
| Sorting result | 0.000005 |
| executing | 0.000002 |
| Sending data | 0.020438 |
| converting HEAP to ondisk | 0.021765 |
| Sending data | 1.665973 |
| Creating sort index | 0.840376 |
| end | 0.000014 |
| query end | 0.000019 |
| removing tmp table | 0.002172 |
| query end | 0.000009 |
| closing tables | 0.000009 |
| freeing items | 0.000049 |
| cleaning up | 0.000038 |
+--------------------------------+----------+
25 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
5.典型的服务器配置
明显是数据库管理员的工作。
5.1 max_connections最大连接数
mysql> show variables like '%max_connections%';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 151 |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
5.2 table_open_chahe 表句柄缓存
mysql> show variables like '%table_open_cache%';
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| table_open_cache | 2000 |
| table_open_cache_instances | 16 |
+----------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
5.3 key_buffer_size 索引缓冲大小
mysql> show variables like 'key_buffer_size';
+-----------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+---------+
| key_buffer_size | 8388608 |
+-----------------+---------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
5.4 innodb_buffer_pool_size innodb存储引擎缓存池大小（很重要）
mysql> show variables like 'innodb_buffer_pool_size';
+-------------------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+---------+
| innodb_buffer_pool_size | 8388608 |
+-------------------------+---------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
5.5 innodb_file_per_table
innodb 独立表文件，ibd文件，就是innodb表的表文件。
mysql> show variables like 'innodb_file_per_table';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_file_per_table | ON |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
5.6 以上的配置全都取决于运行环境
基于测试负载情况，选择以上配置的大小。