这里介绍一下python执行shell命令的四种方法：
1、os模块中的os.system()这个函数来执行shell命令
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> os<span style="color:#999999">.</span>system<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'ls'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
anaconda<span style="color:#9a6e3a">-</span>ks<span style="color:#999999">.</span>cfg install<span style="color:#999999">.</span>log install<span style="color:#999999">.</span>log<span style="color:#999999">.</span>syslog send_sms_service<span style="color:#999999">.</span>py sms<span style="color:#999999">.</span>py
<span style="color:#990055">0</span></code></span></span></span>注，这个方法得不到shell命令的输出。
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2、popen()#这个方法能得到命令执行后的结果是一个字符串，要自行处理才能得到想要的信息。
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> os
<span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> <span style="color:#669900">str</span> <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> os<span style="color:#999999">.</span>popen<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"ls"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>read<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> a <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">str</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>split<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"\n"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> <span style="color:#0077aa">for</span> b <span style="color:#0077aa">in</span> a<span style="color:#999999">:</span>
<span style="color:#0077aa">print</span> b</code></span></span></span>这样得到的结果与第一个方法是一样的。
3、commands模块#可以很方便的取得命令的输出（包括标准和错误输出）和执行状态位
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> commands
a<span style="color:#999999">,</span>b <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> commands<span style="color:#999999">.</span>getstatusoutput<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'ls'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
a是退出状态
b是输出的结果。
<span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> <span style="color:#0077aa">import</span> commands
<span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> a<span style="color:#999999">,</span>b <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> commands<span style="color:#999999">.</span>getstatusoutput<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'ls'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> <span style="color:#0077aa">print</span> a
<span style="color:#990055">0</span>
<span style="color:#9a6e3a">>></span><span style="color:#9a6e3a">></span> <span style="color:#0077aa">print</span> b
anaconda<span style="color:#9a6e3a">-</span>ks<span style="color:#999999">.</span>cfg
install<span style="color:#999999">.</span>log
install<span style="color:#999999">.</span>log<span style="color:#999999">.</span>syslog</code></span></span></span>commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)返回（status,output)
commands.getoutput(cmd)只返回输出结果
commands.getstatus(file)返回ls -ld file 的执行结果字符串，调用了getoutput，不建议使用这个方法。
4、subprocess模块
使用subprocess模块可以创建新的进程，可以与新建进程的输入/输出/错误管道连通，并可以获得新建进程执行的返回状态。使用subprocess模块的目的是替代os.system()、os.popen*()、commands.*等旧的函数或模块。
import subprocess
1、subprocess.call(command, shell=True)
#会直接打印出结果。
2、subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True) 也可以是subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True) 这样就可以输出结果了。
如果command不是一个可执行文件，shell=True是不可省略的。
shell=True意思是shell下执行command
这四种方法都可以执行shell命令。