目录
TensorFlow 提供了一个 ipynb notebook - TF-Slim Walkthrough,介绍了针对不同任务采用 TF-Slim 的神经网络定义,训练和评估.
主要包括内容有:
- TF-Slim 安装与配置
- 采用 TF-Slim 创建第一个神经网络
- 采用 TF-Slim 读取数据
- CNN 训练
- 采用预训练模型
1. TF-Slim 安装与配置
TensorFlow 安装后,测试 TF-Slim 是否安装成功:
python -c "import tensorflow.contrib.slim as slim; eval = slim.evaluation.evaluate_once"
虽然这里是采用 TF-Slim 处理图像分类问题,还需要安装 TF-Slim 图像模型库 tensorflow/models/research/slim. 假设该库的安装路径为 TF_MODELS.
添加 TF_MODELS/research/slim 到 python path.
导入 Python 模块:
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import math
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import time
from datasets import dataset_utils
# Main slim library
from tensorflow.contrib import slim
2. 采用 TF-Slim 创建第一个神经网络
以一个简单多层感知机(Multilayer Perceptron, MLP) 解决回归问题为例.
该 MLP 模型有 2 个隐藏层,模型输出是单个节点.
当函数调用时,会创建很多节点node,并自动调价到当前作用域内的全局 TF Graph 中.
当创建带有可调参数的网络层(如,FC层)时,会自动创建参数变量节点,并添加到 Graph 中,
采用变量作用域(variable scope) 来将所有的节点放于通用名字,因此 Graph 具有分层结构.
这有助于在 tensorboard 中可视化 TF Graph,及相关变量的查询.
正如 arg_scope中所定义,FC 层都采用相同的 L2 weight decay 和 ReLU 激活.
(不过,最终的网络层复写了这些默认值,使用了相同的激活函数).
此外,示例了在第一个全连接层FC1 后如何添加 Dropout 层.
在测试时,不需要 dropout 节点,而是采用了平均激活(average activations).
因此,需要知道该模型是处于 training 或 testing 阶段,因为在两种情况下的计算图是不同的.(虽然保存着模型参数的变量variables 是共享的,具有相同的变量名/作用域 name/scope.)
2.1 定义回归模型
def regression_model(inputs, is_training=True, scope="deep_regression"):
"""
创建回归模型
Args:
inputs: A node that yields a `Tensor` of size [batch_size, dimensions].
is_training: Whether or not we're currently training the model.
scope: An optional variable_op scope for the model.
Returns:
predictions: 1-D `Tensor` of shape [batch_size] of responses.
end_points: A dict of end points representing the hidden layers.
"""
with tf.variable_scope(scope, 'deep_regression', [inputs]):
end_points = {}
# Set the default weight _regularizer and acvitation for each fully_connected layer.
with slim.arg_scope([slim.fully_connected],
activation_fn=tf.nn.relu,
weights_regularizer=slim.l2_regularizer(0.01)):
# Creates a fully connected layer from the inputs with 32 hidden units.
net = slim.fully_connected(inputs, 32, scope='fc1')
end_points['fc1'] = net
# Adds a dropout layer to prevent over-fitting.
net = slim.dropout(net, 0.8, is_training=is_training)
# Adds another fully connected layer with 16 hidden units.
net = slim.fully_connected(net, 16, scope='fc2')
end_points['fc2'] = net
# Creates a fully-connected layer with a single hidden unit. Note that the
# layer is made linear by setting activation_fn=None.
predictions = slim.fully_connected(net, 1, activation_fn=None, scope='prediction')
end_points['out'] = predictions
return predictions, end_points
2.2 创建模型/查看模型结构
with tf.Graph().as_default():
# Dummy placeholders for arbitrary number of 1d inputs and outputs
inputs = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None, 1))
outputs = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None, 1))
# 创建模型
predictions, end_points = regression_model(inputs) # 添加nodes(tensors) 到 Graph.
# 打印每个 tensor 的 name 和 shape.
print("Layers")
for k, v in end_points.items():
print('name = {}, shape = {}'.format(v.name, v.get_shape()))
# 打印参数节点(parameter nodes) 的 name 和 shape(值还未初始化)
print("\n")
print("Parameters")
for v in slim.get_model_variables():
print('name = {}, shape = {}'.format(v.name, v.get_shape()))
2.3 随机生成 1d 回归数据
def produce_batch(batch_size, noise=0.3):
xs = np.random.random(size=[batch_size, 1]) * 10
ys = np.sin(xs) + 5 + np.random.normal(size=[batch_size, 1], scale=noise) # 添加了随机噪声
return [xs.astype(np.float32), ys.astype(np.float32)]
x_train, y_train = produce_batch(200)
x_test, y_test = produce_batch(200)
plt.scatter(x_train, y_train)
2.4 拟合模型
模型训练需要指定 loss 函数和 optimizer,再采用 slim.
slim.learning.train
函数主要工作:
- 对于每次迭代,评估
train_op
,其采用 optimizer 应用到当前 minibatch 数据,更新参数. 同时,更新global_step
. - 周期性地保存模型断点到指定路径. 有助于根据断点文件重新训练.
def convert_data_to_tensors(x, y):
inputs = tf.constant(x)
inputs.set_shape([None, 1])
outputs = tf.constant(y)
outputs.set_shape([None, 1])
return inputs, outputs
# 采用均方差 loss 训练回归模型.
ckpt_dir = '/tmp/regression_model/'
with tf.Graph().as_default():
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO) # 日志信息
inputs, targets = convert_data_to_tensors(x_train, y_train)
# 模型创建
predictions, nodes = regression_model(inputs, is_training=True)
# 添加 loss 函数到 Graph
loss = tf.losses.mean_squared_error(labels=targets, predictions=predictions)
# 总 loss 是定义的 loss 加上任何正则 losses.
total_loss = slim.losses.get_total_loss()
# 设定 optimizer,并创建 train op:
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=0.005)
train_op = slim.learning.create_train_op(total_loss, optimizer)
# 在会话Session 内运行模型训练.
final_loss = slim.learning.train(
train_op,
logdir=ckpt_dir,
number_of_steps=5000,
save_summaries_secs=5,
log_every_n_steps=500)
print("Finished training. Last batch loss:", final_loss)
print("Checkpoint saved in %s" % ckpt_dir)
2.5 采用多个 loss 函数训练模型
在某些任务场景中,需要同时优化多个目标.
TF-Slim 提供了易用的多个 losses 计算.
(这里,示例未优化 total loss,但是给出了如何计算)
with tf.Graph().as_default():
inputs, targets = convert_data_to_tensors(x_train, y_train)
predictions, end_points = regression_model(inputs, is_training=True)
# 添加多个 losses 节点到 Graph.
mean_squared_error_loss = tf.losses.mean_squared_error(labels=targets, predictions=predictions)
absolute_difference_loss = slim.losses.absolute_difference(predictions, targets)
# 下面两种计算 total loss 的方式是等价的.
regularization_loss = tf.add_n(slim.losses.get_regularization_losses())
total_loss1 = mean_squared_error_loss + absolute_difference_loss + regularization_loss
# 默认情况下,Regularization Loss 被包括在 total loss 中.
# 有益于 training, 但不益于 testing.
total_loss2 = slim.losses.get_total_loss(add_regularization_losses=True)
# 初始化变量
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init_op) # 采用随机权重初始化参数.
total_loss1, total_loss2 = sess.run([total_loss1, total_loss2])
print('Total Loss1: %f' % total_loss1)
print('Total Loss2: %f' % total_loss2)
print('Regularization Losses:')
for loss in slim.losses.get_regularization_losses():
print(loss)
print('Loss Functions:')
for loss in slim.losses.get_losses():
print(loss)
2.6 加载保存的训练进行预测
with tf.Graph().as_default():
inputs, targets = convert_data_to_tensors(x_test, y_test)
# 创建模型结构. (后面再加载参数.)
predictions, end_points = regression_model(inputs, is_training=False)
# 创建会话,从断点文件恢复参数.
sv = tf.train.Supervisor(logdir=ckpt_dir)
with sv.managed_session() as sess:
inputs, predictions, targets = sess.run([inputs, predictions, targets])
plt.scatter(inputs, targets, c='r');
plt.scatter(inputs, predictions, c='b');
plt.title('red=true, blue=predicted')
2.7 测试集上计算评估度量 metrics
TF-Slim 术语中,losses 用于优化,但 metrics 仅用于评估,二者可能不一样,比如 precision & recall.
例如,计算的均方差误差和平均绝对值误差度量.
每个 metric 声明创建了几个局部变量(必须通过 tf.initialize_local_variables()
初始化),并同时返回 value_op
和 update_op
.
在评估时,value_op
返回当前 metric 值. update_op
加载一个新的 batch 数据,获得预测值,并在返回当前 metric 值之前累积计算 metric 统计结果.value
节点和 update
节点保存为 2 个字典里.
创建 metric 节点之后,即可传递到 slim.evaluation
,重复地评估这些节点多次.
最后,打印每个 metric 的最终值.
with tf.Graph().as_default():
inputs, targets = convert_data_to_tensors(x_test, y_test)
predictions, end_points = regression_model(inputs, is_training=False)
# Specify metrics to evaluate:
names_to_value_nodes, names_to_update_nodes = slim.metrics.aggregate_metric_map({
'Mean Squared Error': slim.metrics.streaming_mean_squared_error(predictions, targets),
'Mean Absolute Error': slim.metrics.streaming_mean_absolute_error(predictions, targets)
})
# Make a session which restores the old graph parameters, and then run eval.
sv = tf.train.Supervisor(logdir=ckpt_dir)
with sv.managed_session() as sess:
metric_values = slim.evaluation.evaluation(
sess,
num_evals=1, # Single pass over data
eval_op=names_to_update_nodes.values(),
final_op=names_to_value_nodes.values())
names_to_values = dict(zip(names_to_value_nodes.keys(), metric_values))
for key, value in names_to_values.items():
print('%s: %f' % (key, value))
3. 采用 TF-Slim 读取数据
采用 TF-Slim 读取数据主要包括两个部分:
- Dataset - 数据集描述
- DatasetDataProvider - 真实数据读取的必要操作.
3.1 Dataset
TF-Slim Dataset 包含了数据集的描述信息,用于数据读取,例如,数据文件列表,以及数据编码方式.
此外,还包含一些元数据(metadata),包括类别标签,train/test 划分的数据集大小,数据集提供的张量描述等. 例如,某些数据集包含图片images 和标签labels,其它边界框标注等.
Dataset 对象允许针对不同的数据内容和编码类型使用相同的 API.
TF-Slim [Dataset] 对于存储为 TFRecords 文件 的数据甚为有效,其中,每个 record 包含一个 tf.train.Example protocol buffer
.
TF-Slim 采用一致约定,用于每个 Example record 的 keys 和 vaules 的命名.
3.2 DatasetDataProvider
TF-Slim DatasetDataProvider 是用于从数据集真实读取数据的类Class. 非常适合训练过程不同方式的数据读取.
例如,DatasetDataProvider 是单线程或多线程.
如果数据是多个文件的分片,DatasetDataProvider 可以序列的读取每个文件,或者同时从每个文件读取.
3.3 示例:Flowers 数据集
这里给出了将几个常用图片数据集转换为 TFRecord 格式的脚本,以及用于读取的 Dataset 描述.
- Flowers TFRecord 格式数据集下载:
import tensorflow as tf from datasets import dataset_utils url = "http://download.tensorflow.org/data/flowers.tar.gz" flowers_data_dir = '/tmp/flowers' if not tf.gfile.Exists(flowers_data_dir): tf.gfile.MakeDirs(flowers_data_dir) dataset_utils.download_and_uncompress_tarball(url, flowers_data_dir)
- Flowers TFRecord 部分数据可视化
from datasets import flowers import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow.contrib import slim with tf.Graph().as_default(): dataset = flowers.get_split('train', flowers_data_dir) data_provider = slim.dataset_data_provider.DatasetDataProvider( dataset, common_queue_capacity=32, common_queue_min=1) image, label = data_provider.get(['image', 'label']) with tf.Session() as sess: with slim.queues.QueueRunners(sess): for i in range(4): np_image, np_label = sess.run([image, label]) height, width, _ = np_image.shape class_name = name = dataset.labels_to_names[np_label] plt.figure() plt.imshow(np_image) plt.title('%s, %d x %d' % (name, height, width)) plt.axis('off') plt.show()
4. CNN 训练
基于一个简单 CNN 网络训练图片分类器.
4.1 模型定义
def my_cnn(images, num_classes, is_training): # is_training is not used...
with slim.arg_scope([slim.max_pool2d], kernel_size=[3, 3], stride=2):
net = slim.conv2d(images, 64, [5, 5])
net = slim.max_pool2d(net)
net = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [5, 5])
net = slim.max_pool2d(net)
net = slim.flatten(net)
net = slim.fully_connected(net, 192)
net = slim.fully_connected(net, num_classes, activation_fn=None)
return net
4.2 对随机生成图片应用模型
import tensorflow as tf
with tf.Graph().as_default():
# 该模型可以处理任何大小的输入,因为第一层是卷积层.
# 模型的大小是由 image_node 第一次传递到 my_cnn 函数时来决定的.
# 一旦初始化了变量,所有权重矩阵的大小都会固定.
# 由于全连接层,所有后续的图片必须具有与第一张图片具有相同的尺寸大小.
batch_size, height, width, channels = 3, 28, 28, 3
images = tf.random_uniform([batch_size, height, width, channels], maxval=1)
# 创建模型
num_classes = 10
logits = my_cnn(images, num_classes, is_training=True)
probabilities = tf.nn.softmax(logits)
#随机初始化变量,包括参数初始化.
init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
# 运行 init_op, 计算模型输出,并打印结果:
sess.run(init_op)
probabilities = sess.run(probabilities)
print('Probabilities Shape:')
print(probabilities.shape) # batch_size x num_classes
print('\nProbabilities:')
print(probabilities)
print('\nSumming across all classes (Should equal 1):')
print(np.sum(probabilities, 1)) # Each row sums to 1
4.3 在 Flowers 数据集训练模型
TF-Slim 的 learning.py 中 training 函数的使用.
首先,创建 load_batch
函数,从数据集加载 batchs 数据.
然后,训练模型一次,评估结果.
from preprocessing import inception_preprocessing
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.contrib import slim
def load_batch(dataset, batch_size=32, height=299, width=299, is_training=False):
"""
加载单个 bacth 的数据.
Args:
dataset: The dataset to load.
batch_size: The number of images in the batch.
height: The size of each image after preprocessing.
width: The size of each image after preprocessing.
is_training: Whether or not we're currently training or evaluating.
Returns:
images: A Tensor of size [batch_size, height, width, 3], image samples that have been preprocessed.
images_raw: A Tensor of size [batch_size, height, width, 3], image samples that can be used for visualization.
labels: A Tensor of size [batch_size], whose values range between 0 and dataset.num_classes.
"""
data_provider = slim.dataset_data_provider.DatasetDataProvider(
dataset, common_queue_capacity=32,
common_queue_min=8)
image_raw, label = data_provider.get(['image', 'label'])
# Preprocess image for usage by Inception.
image = inception_preprocessing.preprocess_image(image_raw, height, width, is_training=is_training)
# Preprocess the image for display purposes.
image_raw = tf.expand_dims(image_raw, 0)
image_raw = tf.image.resize_images(image_raw, [height, width])
image_raw = tf.squeeze(image_raw)
# Batch it up.
images, images_raw, labels = tf.train.batch(
[image, image_raw, label],
batch_size=batch_size,
num_threads=1,
capacity=2 * batch_size)
return images, images_raw, labels
##
from datasets import flowers
# This might take a few minutes.
train_dir = '/tmp/tfslim_model/'
print('Will save model to %s' % train_dir)
with tf.Graph().as_default():
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
dataset = flowers.get_split('train', flowers_data_dir)
images, _, labels = load_batch(dataset)
# 创建模型:
logits = my_cnn(images, num_classes=dataset.num_classes, is_training=True)
# loss 函数:
one_hot_labels = slim.one_hot_encoding(labels, dataset.num_classes)
slim.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(logits, one_hot_labels)
total_loss = slim.losses.get_total_loss()
# 创建 summaries,以可视化训练进程:
tf.summary.scalar('losses/Total Loss', total_loss)
# 设定 optimizer, 创建 train op:
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=0.01)
train_op = slim.learning.create_train_op(total_loss, optimizer)
# 开始训练:
final_loss = slim.learning.train(
train_op,
logdir=train_dir,
number_of_steps=1, # For speed, we just do 1 epoch
save_summaries_secs=1)
print('Finished training. Final batch loss %d' % final_loss)
4.4 评估度量 metrics
以预测准确率(prediction accuracy) 和 top5 分类准确率为例.
from datasets import flowers
# This might take a few minutes.
with tf.Graph().as_default():
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.DEBUG)
dataset = flowers.get_split('train', flowers_data_dir)
images, _, labels = load_batch(dataset)
logits = my_cnn(images, num_classes=dataset.num_classes, is_training=False)
predictions = tf.argmax(logits, 1)
# metrics 定义:
names_to_values, names_to_updates = slim.metrics.aggregate_metric_map({
'eval/Accuracy': slim.metrics.streaming_accuracy(predictions, labels),
'eval/Recall@5': slim.metrics.streaming_recall_at_k(logits, labels, 5),
})
print('Running evaluation Loop...')
checkpoint_path = tf.train.latest_checkpoint(train_dir)
metric_values = slim.evaluation.evaluate_once(
master='',
checkpoint_path=checkpoint_path,
logdir=train_dir,
eval_op=names_to_updates.values(),
final_op=names_to_values.values())
names_to_values = dict(zip(names_to_values.keys(), metric_values))
for name in names_to_values:
print('%s: %f' % (name, names_to_values[name]))
5. 采用预训练模型
神经网络模型参数量比较大时,表现最佳,且是比较灵活的函数逼近器.
但是,也就是需要在大规模数据集上进行训练.
由于训练比较耗时,TensorFlow 提供和很多预训练模型,如 Pre-trained Models:
基于开源的预训练模型,可以在其基础上进一步应用到具体场景.
例如,一般是修改最后的 pre-softmax
层,根据具体任务修改权重初始化,类别标签数等.
对于小数据集而言,十分有帮助.
下面 [inception-v1] 的例子,虽然 [inception-v3] 表现更好,但前者速度更快.
VGG 和 ResNet 的最后一层是 1000 维输出,而不是 10001 维.
ImageNet 数据集提供了一个背景类background class,但 VGG 和 ResNet 没有用到该背景类.
下面给出 Inception V1 和 VGG-16 预训练模型的示例.
5.1 下载 Inception V1 断点文件
from datasets import dataset_utils
url = "http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v1_2016_08_28.tar.gz"
checkpoints_dir = '/tmp/checkpoints'
if not tf.gfile.Exists(checkpoints_dir):
tf.gfile.MakeDirs(checkpoints_dir)
dataset_utils.download_and_uncompress_tarball(url, checkpoints_dir)
5.2 应用 Inception V1 预训练模型
假设已经将每张图片尺寸调整为模型断点对应的尺寸.
import numpy as np
import os
import tensorflow as tf
try:
import urllib2 as urllib
except ImportError:
import urllib.request as urllib
from datasets import imagenet
from nets import inception
from preprocessing import inception_preprocessing
from tensorflow.contrib import slim
image_size = inception.inception_v1.default_image_size # 输入图片尺寸
with tf.Graph().as_default():
url = 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/EnglishCockerSpaniel_simon.jpg'
image_string = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image_string, channels=3)
processed_image = inception_preprocessing.preprocess_image(image, image_size, image_size, is_training=False)
processed_images = tf.expand_dims(processed_image, 0)
# 创建模型, 采用默认的 arg scope 作用域来配置 batch norm 参数.
with slim.arg_scope(inception.inception_v1_arg_scope()):
logits, _ = inception.inception_v1(processed_images, num_classes=1001, is_training=False)
probabilities = tf.nn.softmax(logits)
init_fn = slim.assign_from_checkpoint_fn(
os.path.join(checkpoints_dir, 'inception_v1.ckpt'),
slim.get_model_variables('InceptionV1'))
with tf.Session() as sess:
init_fn(sess)
np_image, probabilities = sess.run([image, probabilities])
probabilities = probabilities[0, 0:]
sorted_inds = [i[0] for i in sorted(enumerate(-probabilities), key=lambda x:x[1])]
plt.figure()
plt.imshow(np_image.astype(np.uint8))
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
names = imagenet.create_readable_names_for_imagenet_labels()
for i in range(5):
index = sorted_inds[i]
print('Probability %0.2f%% => [%s]' % (probabilities[index] * 100, names[index]))
5.3 下载 VGG-16 断点文件
from datasets import dataset_utils
import tensorflow as tf
url = "http://download.tensorflow.org/models/vgg_16_2016_08_28.tar.gz"
checkpoints_dir = '/tmp/checkpoints'
if not tf.gfile.Exists(checkpoints_dir):
tf.gfile.MakeDirs(checkpoints_dir)
dataset_utils.download_and_uncompress_tarball(url, checkpoints_dir)
5.4 应用 VGG-16 预训练模型
注意:1000 个类别而不是 1001.
import numpy as np
import os
import tensorflow as tf
try:
import urllib2
except ImportError:
import urllib.request as urllib
from datasets import imagenet
from nets import vgg
from preprocessing import vgg_preprocessing
from tensorflow.contrib import slim
image_size = vgg.vgg_16.default_image_size
with tf.Graph().as_default():
url = 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/First_Student_IC_school_bus_202076.jpg'
image_string = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image_string, channels=3)
processed_image = vgg_preprocessing.preprocess_image(image, image_size, image_size, is_training=False)
processed_images = tf.expand_dims(processed_image, 0)
# Create the model, use the default arg scope to configure the batch norm parameters.
with slim.arg_scope(vgg.vgg_arg_scope()):
# 1000 classes instead of 1001.
logits, _ = vgg.vgg_16(processed_images, num_classes=1000, is_training=False)
probabilities = tf.nn.softmax(logits)
init_fn = slim.assign_from_checkpoint_fn(
os.path.join(checkpoints_dir, 'vgg_16.ckpt'),
slim.get_model_variables('vgg_16'))
with tf.Session() as sess:
init_fn(sess)
np_image, probabilities = sess.run([image, probabilities])
probabilities = probabilities[0, 0:]
sorted_inds = [i[0] for i in sorted(enumerate(-probabilities), key=lambda x:x[1])]
plt.figure()
plt.imshow(np_image.astype(np.uint8))
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
names = imagenet.create_readable_names_for_imagenet_labels()
for i in range(5):
index = sorted_inds[i]
# Shift the index of a class name by one.
print('Probability %0.2f%% => [%s]' % (probabilities[index] * 100, names[index+1]))
5.5 在新数据集上 fine-tune 模型
基于 Flower 数据集 fine-tune Inception 模型.
# Note that this may take several minutes.
import os
from datasets import flowers
from nets import inception
from preprocessing import inception_preprocessing
from tensorflow.contrib import slim
image_size = inception.inception_v1.default_image_size
def get_init_fn():
"""Returns a function run by the chief worker to warm-start the training."""
checkpoint_exclude_scopes=["InceptionV1/Logits", "InceptionV1/AuxLogits"] #原输出层
exclusions = [scope.strip() for scope in checkpoint_exclude_scopes]
variables_to_restore = []
for var in slim.get_model_variables():
for exclusion in exclusions:
if var.op.name.startswith(exclusion):
break
else:
variables_to_restore.append(var)
return slim.assign_from_checkpoint_fn(
os.path.join(checkpoints_dir, 'inception_v1.ckpt'),
variables_to_restore)
train_dir = '/tmp/inception_finetuned/'
with tf.Graph().as_default():
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
dataset = flowers.get_split('train', flowers_data_dir)
images, _, labels = load_batch(dataset, height=image_size, width=image_size)
# Create the model, use the default arg scope to configure the batch norm parameters.
with slim.arg_scope(inception.inception_v1_arg_scope()):
logits, _ = inception.inception_v1(images, num_classes=dataset.num_classes, is_training=True)
# Specify the loss function:
one_hot_labels = slim.one_hot_encoding(labels, dataset.num_classes)
slim.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(logits, one_hot_labels)
total_loss = slim.losses.get_total_loss()
# Create some summaries to visualize the training process:
tf.summary.scalar('losses/Total Loss', total_loss)
# Specify the optimizer and create the train op:
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=0.01)
train_op = slim.learning.create_train_op(total_loss, optimizer)
# Run the training:
final_loss = slim.learning.train(train_op,
logdir=train_dir,
init_fn=get_init_fn(),
number_of_steps=2)
print('Finished training. Last batch loss %f' % final_loss)
5.6 应用新数据集的 fine-tune 模型
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from datasets import flowers
from nets import inception
from tensorflow.contrib import slim
image_size = inception.inception_v1.default_image_size
batch_size = 3
with tf.Graph().as_default():
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
dataset = flowers.get_split('train', flowers_data_dir)
images, images_raw, labels = load_batch(dataset, height=image_size, width=image_size)
# Create the model, use the default arg scope to configure the batch norm parameters.
with slim.arg_scope(inception.inception_v1_arg_scope()):
logits, _ = inception.inception_v1(images, num_classes=dataset.num_classes, is_training=True)
probabilities = tf.nn.softmax(logits)
checkpoint_path = tf.train.latest_checkpoint(train_dir)
init_fn = slim.assign_from_checkpoint_fn(checkpoint_path,
slim.get_variables_to_restore())
with tf.Session() as sess:
with slim.queues.QueueRunners(sess):
sess.run(tf.initialize_local_variables())
init_fn(sess)
np_probabilities, np_images_raw, np_labels = sess.run([probabilities, images_raw, labels])
for i in range(batch_size):
image = np_images_raw[i, :, :, :]
true_label = np_labels[i]
predicted_label = np.argmax(np_probabilities[i, :])
predicted_name = dataset.labels_to_names[predicted_label]
true_name = dataset.labels_to_names[true_label]
plt.figure()
plt.imshow(image.astype(np.uint8))
plt.title('Ground Truth: [%s], Prediction [%s]' % (true_name, predicted_name))
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
转载地址:https://www.aiuai.cn/aifarm313.html
原地址:https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/slim/slim_walkthrough.ipynb