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1.环境说明
vbox 准备两个虚拟机，Linux 环境 OracleLinux x86.64-dvd，一个虚拟机已经搭建好库，一个虚拟机装好数据库软件，两个虚拟机要能相互ping 通，实例名都是orcl(实例名区分大小写)。
主库数据库版本
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production主库:192.168.56.65
备库:192.168.56.71
2 主库设置为 force logging 模式
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2259840 bytes
Variable Size 889193600 bytes
Database Buffers 146800640 bytes
Redo Buffers 5632000 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
YES
--取消force logging命令
SQL> alter database no force logging;
Database altered.
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
NO
3 修改主库为归档模式
--创建归档目录并赋权限
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01/archive
[root@localhost ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/archive
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2259840 bytes
Variable Size 889193600 bytes
Database Buffers 146800640 bytes
Redo Buffers 5632000 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 5
Current log sequence 7
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive/' scope=spfile;
System altered.SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 5
Next log sequence to archive 7
Current log sequence 7
4 添加主库的 standby redo log
主库添加 standby redo log：大小和 online redo 相同，比 online redo group 多一组。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log') size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> select GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,BYTES/1024/1024,STATUS from v$log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS
---------- ---------- --------------- ----------------
1 7 50 CURRENT
3 6 50 INACTIVE
2 5 50 INACTIVE
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> select group#,type, member from v$logfile;
GROUP# TYPE MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
4 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log
5 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log
6 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log
7 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log
7 rows selected.5 在主备库分别创建 Listener 并配置静态注册使用 netca 命令创建监听，netmgr 命令配置静态注册
--主库192.168.56.65监听
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle--备库192.168.56.71监听
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle SID_LIST_LISTENER 部分的内容就是静态注册，如果没有该参数，而且 Data Guard 启动顺序又不正确，
那么在 主库可能会报 PING[ARC1]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'orcl_st'. Error is 12512. 错误，导致归档无法完成
6 在主备库添加 Oracle Net Service 特别说明一下在备库没有安装数据库的时候/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin 目录下没有tnsnames.ora 文件此时需要手工建netmgr 创建--在主备库添加以下内容
ORCL_PD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.65)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)ORCL_ST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.71)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.56.65)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)ORCL_PD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.65)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)ORCL_ST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.71)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)配置完成后，使用 tnsping 命令效验：
[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping orcl_pd
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-APR-2017 20:58:35
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.65)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (10 msec)
[oracle@localhost admin]$ tnsping orcl_st
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-APR-2017 20:58:37
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.71)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (0 msec)上面执行成功的前提条件是防火墙已关闭，或者开放1521端口vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables添加一行
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1521 -j ACCEPT重启防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]# 7 在备库创建相关的目录因为我们的备库没有创建实例，所以是没有相关的目录的，我们需要参考主库的位置来创建。
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ pwd /u01/app/oracle [oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls admin checkpoints fast_recovery_area oradiag_oracle cfgtoollogs diag oradata product [oracle@localhost oracle]$ --FRA目录
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl--DATAFILE
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl8 在主库创建 pfile 文件并修改 pfile 内容
SQL> create pfile from spfile; File created.修改pfile
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=146800640
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=587202560
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=25165824
orcl.__sga_target=1023410176
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=272629760
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.memory_target=1048576000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=1500
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=1655
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
--在pfile添加如下内容
*.db_unique_name=orcl_pd
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl_pd,orcl_st)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_pd'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_st valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_st'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.fal_server='orcl_st'注意： （1）在 oracle 11g 中，废弃了 fal_client 参数，也就是说不用配置。 （2）log_archive_dest_n 这个参数中的Oracle Net Service名首位是一样的，前面写哪个，最后的db_unique_name 就写哪个，不要搞错了。
如果主备库的路径不同，修改在主库的参数文件里添加如下 2 个参数： *.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/' *.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'
前面的是旧的路径，后面的是新的路径
用pfile启动主库，并创建spfile
SQL> startup nomount ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora' ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes Fixed Size 2259840 bytes Variable Size 889193600 bytes Database Buffers 146800640 bytes Redo Buffers 5632000 bytes SQL> create spfile from pfile; SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "create sp..." - rest of line ignored. SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created.9 将主库的口令文件，参数文件 copy 到备库并修改 [oracle@localhost dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora 192.168.56.71:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[email protected]'s password:
initorcl.ora 100% 1672 1.6KB/s 00:00
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ scp orapworcl 192.168.56.71:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[email protected]'s password:
orapworcl 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00 如果不存在，手工创建，使用 orapwd 命令。 [oracle@dg1 /]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/ orapwdave password=admin entries=30
缺省情况下，win 下口令文件的格式是 pwdsid.ora，unix 下的格式是 orapwSID(大小写敏感）。 Linux 默认位置为$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 目录下下，Windows 默认为$ORACLE_HOME/database 目录。--修改备库pfile
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=146800640
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=587202560
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=25165824
orcl.__sga_target=1023410176
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=272629760
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.memory_target=1048576000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=1500
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=1655
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'#添加一下内容*.db_unique_name=orcl_st
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl_pd,orcl_st)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_st'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_pd valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_pd'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.fal_server='orcl_pd'
--创建spfile
10 使用 RMAN 备份主库
在主备库 创建 /u01/backup
[oracle@localhost u01]$ mkdir backup
备份语句如下：
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/u01/backup/db_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/u01/backup/db_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 archivelog all delete input;
backup current controlfile for standby format='/u01/backup/control_%U';
release channel c2;
release channel c1;
}
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:26:08 2017Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1468135053)run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/u01/backup/db_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup format '/u01/backup/db_%U_%T' skip inaccessible filesperset 5 archivelog all delete input;
backup current controlfile for standby format='/u01/backup/control_%U';
release channel c2;
release channel c1;
11> }using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=32 device type=DISKallocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=52 device type=DISKsql statement: alter system archive log currentStarting backup at 24-APR-17
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17 channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_07s2gbo6_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142614 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_08s2gbo7_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142614 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
including current control file in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0as2gbrq_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142614 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_09s2gbrq_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142614 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-APR-17sql statement: alter system archive log currentStarting backup at 24-APR-17
current log archived
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=1 STAMP=940419935
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=2 STAMP=940419945
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=3 STAMP=940421052
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=4 STAMP=940421055
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=5 STAMP=940424201
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=6 STAMP=940424207
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=7 STAMP=940427868
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=9 STAMP=940427874
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=11 STAMP=940427963
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=13 STAMP=940518322
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0bs2gbrv_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_7_940354317.arc RECID=1 STAMP=940419935
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_8_940354317.arc RECID=2 STAMP=940419945
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_9_940354317.arc RECID=3 STAMP=940421052
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_10_940354317.arc RECID=4 STAMP=940421055
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_11_940354317.arc RECID=5 STAMP=940424201
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=14 STAMP=940518326
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=15 STAMP=940518523
input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=16 STAMP=940518541
input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=17 STAMP=940518560
input archived log thread=1 sequence=21 RECID=18 STAMP=940518561
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0cs2gbrv_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c2: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_12_940354317.arc RECID=6 STAMP=940424207
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_13_940354317.arc RECID=7 STAMP=940427868
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_14_940354317.arc RECID=9 STAMP=940427874
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_15_940354317.arc RECID=11 STAMP=940427963
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_16_940354317.arc RECID=13 STAMP=940518322
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=22 RECID=19 STAMP=940518561
input archived log thread=1 sequence=23 RECID=20 STAMP=940518562
input archived log thread=1 sequence=24 RECID=21 STAMP=940518562
input archived log thread=1 sequence=25 RECID=22 STAMP=940518610
input archived log thread=1 sequence=26 RECID=23 STAMP=940518611
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0ds2gbs1_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_17_940354317.arc RECID=14 STAMP=940518326
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_18_940354317.arc RECID=15 STAMP=940518523
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_19_940354317.arc RECID=16 STAMP=940518541
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_20_940354317.arc RECID=17 STAMP=940518560
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_21_940354317.arc RECID=18 STAMP=940518561
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=27 RECID=24 STAMP=940518614
input archived log thread=1 sequence=28 RECID=25 STAMP=940518756
input archived log thread=1 sequence=29 RECID=27 STAMP=940518766
input archived log thread=1 sequence=30 RECID=29 STAMP=940518770
input archived log thread=1 sequence=31 RECID=31 STAMP=940518788
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0es2gbs1_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c2: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_22_940354317.arc RECID=19 STAMP=940518561
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_23_940354317.arc RECID=20 STAMP=940518562
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_24_940354317.arc RECID=21 STAMP=940518562
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_25_940354317.arc RECID=22 STAMP=940518610
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_26_940354317.arc RECID=23 STAMP=940518611
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=32 RECID=45 STAMP=940518953
input archived log thread=1 sequence=33 RECID=47 STAMP=940519384
input archived log thread=1 sequence=34 RECID=49 STAMP=940519735
input archived log thread=1 sequence=35 RECID=50 STAMP=940519750
input archived log thread=1 sequence=36 RECID=51 STAMP=940519878
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0fs2gbs1_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_27_940354317.arc RECID=24 STAMP=940518614
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_28_940354317.arc RECID=25 STAMP=940518756
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_29_940354317.arc RECID=27 STAMP=940518766
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_30_940354317.arc RECID=29 STAMP=940518770
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_31_940354317.arc RECID=31 STAMP=940518788
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=37 RECID=52 STAMP=940520373
input archived log thread=1 sequence=38 RECID=55 STAMP=942157412
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0gs2gbs2_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c2: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_32_940354317.arc RECID=45 STAMP=940518953
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_33_940354317.arc RECID=47 STAMP=940519384
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_34_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=34
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_35_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=35
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_36_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=36
channel c2: starting archived log backup set
channel c2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=53 STAMP=942157404
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=54 STAMP=942157411
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=56 STAMP=942157574
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=57 STAMP=942157694
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=58 STAMP=942157694
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0is2gbs2_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c2: deleting archived log(s)
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_1_942157350.arc thread=1 sequence=1
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_2_942157350.arc thread=1 sequence=2
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_3_942157350.arc thread=1 sequence=3
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_4_942157350.arc thread=1 sequence=4
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_5_942157350.arc thread=1 sequence=5
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0hs2gbs2_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel c1: deleting archived log(s)
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog/1_37_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=37
RMAN-08137: WARNING: archived log not deleted, needed for standby or upstream capture process
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_38_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=38
Finished backup at 24-APR-17Starting backup at 24-APR-17
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including standby control file in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 24-APR-17
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 24-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/backup/control_0js2gbs7_1_1 tag=TAG20170424T142823 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-APR-17released channel: c2released channel: c1
11 将主库的备份文件全部 copy 到备库的相同位置
RMAN 备份采用的是 nocatalog 模式，简单一点，保证主备库目录的一直，如果不一直就需要重新进行 catalog。
[oracle@localhost backup]$ ls
control_0js2gbs7_1_1 db_0bs2gbrv_1_1_20170424 db_0gs2gbs2_1_1_20170424
db_07s2gbo6_1_1_20170424 db_0cs2gbrv_1_1_20170424 db_0hs2gbs2_1_1_20170424
db_08s2gbo7_1_1_20170424 db_0ds2gbs1_1_1_20170424 db_0is2gbs2_1_1_20170424
db_09s2gbrq_1_1_20170424 db_0es2gbs1_1_1_20170424
db_0as2gbrq_1_1_20170424 db_0fs2gbs1_1_1_20170424
[oracle@localhost backup]$ scp * 192.168.56.71:/u01/backup
[email protected]'s password:
control_0js2gbs7_1_1 100% 9760KB 9.5MB/s 00:00
db_07s2gbo6_1_1_20170424 100% 471MB 26.2MB/s 00:18
db_08s2gbo7_1_1_20170424 100% 715MB 23.8MB/s 00:30
db_09s2gbrq_1_1_20170424 100% 9760KB 9.5MB/s 00:01
db_0as2gbrq_1_1_20170424 100% 96KB 96.0KB/s 00:00
db_0bs2gbrv_1_1_20170424 100% 5253KB 5.1MB/s 00:01
db_0cs2gbrv_1_1_20170424 100% 13MB 12.8MB/s 00:01
db_0ds2gbs1_1_1_20170424 100% 528KB 527.5KB/s 00:00
db_0es2gbs1_1_1_20170424 100% 36KB 35.5KB/s 00:00
db_0fs2gbs1_1_1_20170424 100% 108KB 108.0KB/s 00:00
db_0gs2gbs2_1_1_20170424 100% 1993KB 2.0MB/s 00:00
db_0hs2gbs2_1_1_20170424 100% 31MB 31.0MB/s 00:01
db_0is2gbs2_1_1_20170424 100% 631KB 631.0KB/s 00:00 12 在备库使用 RMAN 恢复备库
--启动备库到nomount 状态：
SQL> conn /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
ORA-01075: you are currently logged on检查原因原来是 /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl 目录下adump 未建
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ mkdir adump dpdump pfile scripts建好目录adump 在启动就没问题了
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2259840 bytes
Variable Size 889193600 bytes
Database Buffers 146800640 bytes
Redo Buffers 5632000 bytes
SQL>
如果控制文件没有备份，也可以直接恢复成 standby 的控制文件：
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/sasbackup/ctl_file_g4qfmqm6_1_1_20150828';
--在备库执行 duplicate 操作：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_st
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:43:08 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1468135053)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck dorecover; --因为我们的数据文件路径相同，所以这里加上了 nofilenamecheck，如果不同，就不需要加了。
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck dorecover;
Starting Duplicate Db at 24-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=22 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1117059;
restore clone standby controlfile;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 24-APR-17
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/db_09s2gbrq_1_1_20170424
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/db_09s2gbrq_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142614
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 24-APR-17
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1117059;
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf";
restore
clone database
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 24-APR-17
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/db_08s2gbo7_1_1_20170424
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/db_08s2gbo7_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142614
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/db_07s2gbo6_1_1_20170424
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/db_07s2gbo6_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142614
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished restore at 24-APR-17
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=942158744 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=942158744 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=942158744 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=942158744 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=942158744 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1117059;
recover
standby
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 24-APR-17
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=4
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=5
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/db_0is2gbs2_1_1_20170424
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/db_0is2gbs2_1_1_20170424 tag=TAG20170424T142814
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/archive1_4_942157350.arc thread=1 sequence=4
channel clone_default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/archive1_4_942157350.arc RECID=1 STAMP=942158746
archived log file name=/u01/archive1_5_942157350.arc thread=1 sequence=5
channel clone_default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/archive1_5_942157350.arc RECID=2 STAMP=942158746
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 24-APR-17
Finished Duplicate Db at 24-APR-17
13 启动备库
--完成 duplicate 之后，备库就是 mount 状态：
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY 14重新创建standby logfile
--备库添加 online redo log 和 standby redo log：
备库我们需要重点关注：
SQL> select group#,type, member from v$logfile;
GROUP# TYPE MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_3_dhv7ryyj_.log
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_2_dhv7ry0z_.log
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_1_dhv7rwlf_.log
4 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_4_dhv7s05g_.log
GROUP# TYPE MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
5 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_5_dhv7s136_.log
6 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_6_dhv7s1z7_.log
7 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_7_dhv7s3cw_.log
7 rows selected.
SQL> select GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,BYTES/1024/1024,STATUS from v$standby_log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS
---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
4 0 50 UNASSIGNED
5 8 50 ACTIVE
6 0 50 UNASSIGNED
7 0 50 UNASSIGNED这个是默认恢复的情况。 都恢复到 FRA 里了。 我们需要对他们进行重建。 改到本地的归档目录下去。
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 4;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 6;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 7;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 5;
alter database drop logfile group 5
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00261: log 5 of thread 1 is being archived or modified
ORA-00312: online log 5 thread 1:
'/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinelog/o1_mf_5_dhv7s136_.log'当前的 online log，不能删除。
在主库 switch 一下就可以了。
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 5;
Database altered.
SQL> select group#,type, member from v$logfile;
GROUP# TYPE MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_3_dhv7ryyj_.log
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_2_dhv7ry0z_.log
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinel
og/o1_mf_1_dhv7rwlf_.log
4 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log
5 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log
GROUP# TYPE MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
6 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log
7 STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log
7 rows selected.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.15 验证 DG
--主库
SQL> col error for a10
SQL> col dest_name for a20
SQL> select DEST_NAME,STATUS,PROCESS,ERROR,TRANSMIT_MODE from v$archive_dest WHERE TARGET='STANDBY';
DEST_NAME STATUS PROCESS ERROR TRANSMIT_MOD
-------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID LGWR ASYNCHRONOUS
SQL> SELECT PROCESS, STATUS, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, BLOCK#, BLOCKS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
PROCESS STATUS THREAD# SEQUENCE# BLOCK# BLOCKS
--------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ARCH CLOSING 1 31 1 814
ARCH CLOSING 1 30 1 98
ARCH CONNECTED 0 0 0 0
ARCH CONNECTED 0 0 0 0
LNS WRITING 1 32 55750 1
SQL> create table leo(x number(10));
Table created.
SQL> insert into leo values(10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into leo values(10);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> insert into leo values(10);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
--备库
SQL> SELECT PROCESS, STATUS, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, BLOCK#, BLOCKS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
PROCESS STATUS THREAD# SEQUENCE# BLOCK# BLOCKS
--------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ARCH CLOSING 1 32 55296 475
ARCH CLOSING 1 30 1 98
ARCH CONNECTED 0 0 0 0
ARCH CLOSING 1 31 1 814
RFS IDLE 0 0 0 0
RFS IDLE 0 0 0 0
MRP0 WAIT_FOR_LOG 1 33 0 0
RFS IDLE 1 33 101 1
8 rows selected.
SQL> desc leo
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
X NUMBER(10)SQL> select * from leo; X
----------
10
10SQL> select * from leo; X
----------
10
10
10