安装python
下载Python安装包
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cd /usr/local/src
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编译时要提前装好gcc编译器和zlib zlib-devel
1、下载文件
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wget https:
//www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.0/Python-3.6.0.tgz
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2、解压
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tar -zxvf Python-3.6.0.tgz
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3、进入解压目录
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cd Python-3.6.0
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4、编译安装包
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
make && make install
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5、添加环境变量
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echo PATH=
'/usr/local/python/bin/:$PATH'
>> /etc/profile
<br>source /etc/profile
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6、检查是否成功，执行下面代码
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python3.6
Python 3.6.0 (
default
, Jun 1 2017, 14:01:43)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17)]
on
linux
Type
"help"
,
"copyright"
,
"credits"
or
"license"
for
more information.
>>> print(
'hello word'
)
hello word
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Python安装常见问题：
(1）configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
解决：yum install -y gcc
(2):zipimport.ZipImportError: can’t decompress data
解决：安装zlib zlib-devel
1、修改系统默认的Python路径，因为在终端中输入Python命令时默认是指向Python2.6.6
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mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python-2.6.6
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2、建立新的软连接，指向Python-3.6.0
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ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
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3、因为yum是依赖python的，所以这里我们修改了默认的python,就要要修改yum，让其运行指向旧的版本：
vi /usr/bin/yum
将第一行中的“#!/usr/bin/python” 修改为“#!/usr/bin/python-2.6.6”，保存即可
4、打开一个新的终端，通过python命令进入python环境，可以看到已经指向了我们新安装的python3.6.0：
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[centos65_1@localhost:~]$ python
Python 3.6.0 (
default
, Jul 30 2016, 19:40:32)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.0.0 (clang-800.0.34)]
on
darwin
Type
"help"
,
"copyright"
,
"credits"
or
"license"
for
more information.
>>>
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5、Centos中Python升级为3.X时yum出现except OSError, e: ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax问题
CentOS 7升级Python到3.6后，需要在/usr/bin/python创建了一个指向Python 3的软连接，然后将/usr/bin/yum的顶部的：
!/usr/bin/python
改成了
!/usr/bin/python-2.7.5
后，运行yum，还是出现了以下错误：
[root@master ~]# yum -y groupinstall “X Window System”
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 28
except OSError, e:
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
解决方案：
(1). vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
将/usr/bin/python改为/usr/bin/python-2.7.5。
(2). vim /usr/bin/yum-config-manager
解决办法同上： #!/usr/bin/python换成 #!/usr/bin/python-2.7.5
卸载python
编译安装Python3
# 下载
# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tar.xz
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz
# 解压 tar -xzvf Python-3.6.4.tgz cd Python-3.6.4 # 编译安装 # ./configure --help查看编译参数 # 默认安装在'/usr/local/bin','/usr/local/lib' etc # 可以通过参数指定如：--prefix=/usr/local/python3 ./configure make # 把安装日志保存下来 make install > install.log 卸载Python3
通过安装日志可知Python3被安装在如下目录了
/usr/local/lib/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/2to3-3.6 to /usr/local/bin/pyvenv-3.6 /usr/local/bin/pydoc3.6 /usr/local/bin/idle3.6
# 删除上述文件
rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python3.6
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/2to3-3.6 to
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/pyvenv-3.6
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/pydoc3.6
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/idle3.6