原文地址：spring 和hibernate集成 采用声明式事务
作者：雪狼首领
采用声明式事务
1、声明式事务配置
* 配置SessionFactory
* 配置事务管理器
* 事务的传播特性
* 那些类那些方法使用事务
2、编写业务逻辑方法
* 继承HibernateDaoSupport类，使用HibernateTemplate来持久化，HibernateTemplate是
Hibernate Session的轻量级封装
* 默认情况下运行期异常才会回滚（包括继承了RuntimeException子类），普通异常是不会滚的
* 编写业务逻辑方法时，最好将异常一直向上抛出，在表示层（struts）处理
* 关于事务边界的设置，通常设置到业务层，不要添加到Dao上
3、了解事务的几种传播特性
1. PROPAGATION_REQUIRED: 如果存在一个事务，则支持当前事务。如果没有事务则开启
2. PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS: 如果存在一个事务，支持当前事务。如果没有事务，则非事务的执行
3. PROPAGATION_MANDATORY: 如果已经存在一个事务，支持当前事务。如果没有一个活动的事务，则抛出异常。
4. PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW: 总是开启一个新的事务。如果一个事务已经存在，则将这个存在的事务挂起。
5. PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED: 总是非事务地执行，并挂起任何存在的事务。
6. PROPAGATION_NEVER: 总是非事务地执行，如果存在一个活动事务，则抛出异常
7. PROPAGATION_NESTED：如果一个活动的事务存在，则运行在一个嵌套的事务中. 如果没有活动事务,
则按TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED 属性执行
4、Spring事务的隔离级别
1. ISOLATION_DEFAULT：这是一个PlatfromTransactionManager默认的隔离级别，使用数据库默认的事务隔离级别.
另外四个与JDBC的隔离级别相对应
2. ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED：这是事务最低的隔离级别，它充许令外一个事务可以看到这个事务未提交的数据。
这种隔离级别会产生脏读，不可重复读和幻像读。
3. ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED：保证一个事务修改的数据提交后才能被另外一个事务读取。另外一个事务不能读取该事务未提交的数据
4. ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ：这种事务隔离级别可以防止脏读，不可重复读。但是可能出现幻像读。
它除了保证一个事务不能读取另一个事务未提交的数据外，还保证了避免下面的情况产生(不可重复读)。
5. ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE 这是花费最高代价但是最可靠的事务隔离级别。事务被处理为顺序执行。
除了防止脏读，不可重复读外，还避免了幻像读。
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory >
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_hibernate_2</property>
<property name="connection.useUnicode">true</property>
<property name="connection.characterEncoding">UTF-8</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password"></property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!--
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">jta</property>
-->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/jonsion/model/User.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/jonsion/model/Log.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
log4j.properties
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
#log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
#log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug
### log HQL query parser activity
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql.ast.AST=debug
### log just the SQL
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.SQL=debug
### log JDBC bind parameters ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=debug
### log schema export/update ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug
### log HQL parse trees
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql=debug
### log cache activity ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.cache=debug
### log transaction activity
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.transaction=debug
### log JDBC resource acquisition
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.jdbc=debug
### enable the following line if you want to track down connection ###
### leakages when using DriverManagerConnectionProvider ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider=trace
applicationContext-beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="userManage" class="com.jonsion.manager.UserManageImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
<property name="logManage" ref="logManage"/>
</bean>
<bean id="logManage" class="com.jonsion.manager.LogManageImpl">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>
applicationContext-common.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<!-- 配置sessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation">
<value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务的传播特性 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="modify*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 那些类的哪些方法参与事务 -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod" expression="execution(* com.jonsion.manager.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
package com.jonsion.util;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
public class Hbm2Ddl {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//读取hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件
Configuration cfg=new Configuration().configure();
//根据对象生成DDL和相应的表
SchemaExport se=new SchemaExport(cfg);
se.create(true, true);
}
}
package com.jonsion.util;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtils {
private static SessionFactory factory;
static{
// public Configuration configure() throws HibernateException {
// configure( "/hibernate.cfg.xml" );
// return this;
// }
try{
Configuration cfg=new Configuration().configure();
factory=cfg.buildSessionFactory();
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){
return factory;
}
public static Session getSession(){
return factory.openSession();
}
public static void closeSession(Session session){
if(session!=null){
if(session.isOpen()){
session.close();
}
}
}
}
package com.jonsion.model;
import java.util.Date;
public class Log {
private int id;
private int type;
private String detial;
private Date logDate;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(int type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getDetial() {
return detial;
}
public void setDetial(String detial) {
this.detial = detial;
}
public Date getLogDate() {
return logDate;
}
public void setLogDate(Date logDate) {
this.logDate = logDate;
}
}
package com.jonsion.model;
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
}
Log.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.jonsion.model">
<class name="Log" table="T_Log">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="type"/>
<property name="detial"/>
<property name="logDate"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.jonsion.model">
<class name="User" table="T_User">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="username"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
package com.jonsion.manager;
import com.jonsion.model.Log;
public interface LogManage {
public void addLog(Log log);
}
package com.jonsion.manager;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.jonsion.model.Log;
public class LogManageImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements LogManage {
public void addLog(Log log) {
// HibernateUtils.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().save(log);
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(log);
}
}
package com.jonsion.manager;
public interface UserManage {
public void addUser();
}
package com.jonsion.manager;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.jonsion.model.Log;
import com.jonsion.model.User;
public class UserManageImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserManage {
private LogManage logManage;
public void addUser() {
User user=new User();
user.setUsername("xxx");
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
Log log=new Log();
log.setDetial("添加用户操作");
log.setType(1);
log.setLogDate(new Date());
logManage.addLog(log);
}
public void setLogManage(LogManage logManage) {
this.logManage = logManage;
}
}
package com.jonsion.client;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.jonsion.manager.UserManage;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// UserManage userManage=new UserManageImpl();
// userManage.addUser();
BeanFactory beanFactory=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-*.xml");
UserManage userManage=(UserManage)beanFactory.getBean("userManage");
userManage.addUser();
}
}