navicate的使用及用Python操作数据额库

Navicat使用

下载地址:<https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bpo5mqj>

Navicat是基于mysql操作的,所以能否自主完成一些练习,就能够运用Navicat

练习时需要用到的数据:

Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : localhost
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 50624
 Source Host           : localhost
 Source Database       : sqlexam

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 50624
 File Encoding         : utf-8

 Date: 10/21/2016 06:46:46 AM
*/

SET NAMES utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `class`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;
CREATE TABLE `class` (
  `cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `caption` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `class`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('1', '三年二班'), ('2', '三年三班'), ('3', '一年二班'), ('4', '二年九班');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `course`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`;
CREATE TABLE `course` (
  `cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  `teacher_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`),
  KEY `fk_course_teacher` (`teacher_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_course_teacher` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `course`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('1', '生物', '1'), ('2', '物理', '2'), ('3', '体育', '3'), ('4', '美术', '2');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `score`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`;
CREATE TABLE `score` (
  `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `student_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `course_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `num` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
  KEY `fk_score_student` (`student_id`),
  KEY `fk_score_course` (`course_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_score_course` FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `course` (`cid`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_score_student` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`sid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=53 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `score`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('1', '1', '1', '10'), ('2', '1', '2', '9'), ('5', '1', '4', '66'), ('6', '2', '1', '8'), ('8', '2', '3', '68'), ('9', '2', '4', '99'), ('10', '3', '1', '77'), ('11', '3', '2', '66'), ('12', '3', '3', '87'), ('13', '3', '4', '99'), ('14', '4', '1', '79'), ('15', '4', '2', '11'), ('16', '4', '3', '67'), ('17', '4', '4', '100'), ('18', '5', '1', '79'), ('19', '5', '2', '11'), ('20', '5', '3', '67'), ('21', '5', '4', '100'), ('22', '6', '1', '9'), ('23', '6', '2', '100'), ('24', '6', '3', '67'), ('25', '6', '4', '100'), ('26', '7', '1', '9'), ('27', '7', '2', '100'), ('28', '7', '3', '67'), ('29', '7', '4', '88'), ('30', '8', '1', '9'), ('31', '8', '2', '100'), ('32', '8', '3', '67'), ('33', '8', '4', '88'), ('34', '9', '1', '91'), ('35', '9', '2', '88'), ('36', '9', '3', '67'), ('37', '9', '4', '22'), ('38', '10', '1', '90'), ('39', '10', '2', '77'), ('40', '10', '3', '43'), ('41', '10', '4', '87'), ('42', '11', '1', '90'), ('43', '11', '2', '77'), ('44', '11', '3', '43'), ('45', '11', '4', '87'), ('46', '12', '1', '90'), ('47', '12', '2', '77'), ('48', '12', '3', '43'), ('49', '12', '4', '87'), ('52', '13', '3', '87');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `student`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
  `class_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `sname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
  KEY `fk_class` (`class_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_class` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `class` (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=17 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `student`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', '', '1', '理解'), ('2', '', '1', '钢蛋'), ('3', '', '1', '张三'), ('4', '', '1', '张一'), ('5', '', '1', '张二'), ('6', '', '1', '张四'), ('7', '', '2', '铁锤'), ('8', '', '2', '李三'), ('9', '', '2', '李一'), ('10', '', '2', '李二'), ('11', '', '2', '李四'), ('12', '', '3', '如花'), ('13', '', '3', '刘三'), ('14', '', '3', '刘一'), ('15', '', '3', '刘二'), ('16', '', '3', '刘四');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
  `tid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `tname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', '张磊老师'), ('2', '李平老师'), ('3', '刘海燕老师'), ('4', '朱云海老师'), ('5', '李杰老师');
COMMIT;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
View Code

拷贝上述代码,新建一个.sql文件,保存到桌面

打开navicat新建数据库day41,选中新建的数据库鼠标右键选择运行SQL文件

弹出文件框,选中刚刚保存到桌面的.sql文件即可

练习题:

1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
2、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩

3、查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名

4、 查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名

5、 查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
View Code

参考答案

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1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
SELECT
  course.cname,
  teacher.tname
FROM
  course
INNER JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid;

 

2、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩

SELECT
  student.sname,
  t1.avg_num
FROM
  student
INNER JOIN (
  SELECT
    student_id,
    avg(num) AS avg_num
  FROM
    score
  GROUP BY
    student_id
  HAVING
    avg(num) > 80
) AS t1 ON student.sid = t1.student_id;

 

3、查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名(找出报名李平老师课程的学生,然后取反就可以)

SELECT
  student.sname
FROM
  student
WHERE
  sid NOT IN (
    SELECT DISTINCT
      student_id
    FROM
      score
    WHERE
      course_id IN (
        SELECT
          course.cid
        FROM
          course
        INNER JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid
        WHERE
          teacher.tname = '李平老师'
      )
  );

 

4、询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名(没有同时选修指的是选修了一门的,思路是得到物理+体育课程的学生信息表,然后基于学生分组,统计count(课程)=1)

SELECT
  student.sname
FROM
  student
WHERE
  sid IN (
    SELECT
      student_id
    FROM
      score
    WHERE
      course_id IN (
        SELECT
          cid
        FROM
          course
        WHERE
          cname = '物理'
        OR cname = '体育'
      )
    GROUP BY
      student_id
    HAVING
      COUNT(course_id) = 1
  );

 5、查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级

select student.sname,class.caption from class INNER JOIN student
  on class.cid = student.class_id
  WHERE student.sid in 
  (select student_id from score where num < 60
  GROUP BY student_id
  HAVING COUNT(course_id) >=2)
  ;
View Code

用Python操作数据库

python
1.安装:pip3 insatll pymysql

2.代码链接
  import pymysql
链接
  conn=pymysql.connect(
  host='localhost',
  user='root',
  password='123',
  database='egon',
  charset='utf8')
游标
  cursor=conn.cursor()   #执行完毕返回的结果集默认以元组显示
  cursor=conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)    # 以字典的方式显示数据

3.pymysql操作数据库
  执行sql语句
  user = input(">>>:").strip()
  pwd = input(">>>:").strip()
  sql='select * from userinfo where name="%s" and password="%s"' %(user,pwd)   #注意%s需要加引号

  rows=cursor.execute(sql) #执行sql语句,返回sql查询成功的记录数目
获取真实数据cursor.fetchone(),cursor.fetchall(),cursor.fetchmany(),类似管道取值,获取一条,所有,多条

  cursor.scroll(1,'relative')  # 相对移动
  cursor.scroll(3,'absolute')    # 绝对移动


  cursor.close()
  conn.close()

完整的操作示例:

import pymysql


conn = pymysql.connect(
  host = '127.0.0.1',
  port = 3306,
  user = 'root',
  password = '123',
  database = 'day41',
  charset = 'utf8'
)
cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)  # 将查询结果做成字典的格式
res = cursor.execute("select * from class")
print(res)   # 查询到的数据总条数
print(cursor.fetchone())    # 获取一条查询结果
# print(cursor.fetchone())    # 获取一条查询结果
# print(cursor.fetchone())    # 获取一条查询结果
# cursor.scroll(1,'absolute')    # 绝对移动,参照开始位置
cursor.scroll(1,'relative')
print(cursor.fetchone())
# print(cursor.fetchall())    # 获取所有查询到的数据
View Code

sql注入问题

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(
  host = '127.0.0.1',
  port = 3306,
  user = 'root',
  password = '123',
  database = 'day41',
  charset = 'utf8',
  autocommit = True
)
cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
username = input('username>>>:')
password = input('password>>>:')
sql = "insert into userinfo(name,password) values(%s,%s)"
# sql = "update userinfo set name='jasonhs' where id =1"
# sql = "select * from userinfo where name=%s and password=%s"
res = cursor.execute(sql,(username,password))
# res = cursor.execute(sql)
# conn.commit()    # 确认数据无误之后 commit之后才会将数据真正修改到数据库
print(sql)
if res:
  # print(cursor.fetchall())
  pass
else:
  print('用户名或密码错误!')
View Code

不要手动去拼接查询的sql语句


username = input(">>>:").strip()
password = input(">>>:").strip()
sql = "select * from user where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password)

用户名正确
  username >>>: jason' -- jjsakfjjdkjjkjs
用户名密码都不对的情况
  username >>>: xxx' or 1=1 --asdjkdklqwjdjkjasdljad
  password >>>: ''

增删改


# 增
sql = "insert into user(username,password) values(%s,%s)"
rows = cursor.excute(sql,('jason','123'))

# 修改
sql = "update user set username='jasonDSB' where id=1"
rows = cursor.excute(sql)


增和改单单执行excute并不会真正影响到数据,需要再执行conn.commit()才可以完成真正的增改

# 一次插入多行记录
res = cursor,excutemany(sql,[(),(),()]

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/SlookUp/p/10878061.html
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