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概念
A new administration privilege, SYSBACKUP, allows Recovery Manager (RMAN) users to connect to the target database and run RMAN commands, no longer requiring SYSDBA.
This feature enforces the separation of duty security model, whereby backup operators only need SYSBACKUP privilege to run RMAN commands and have separate responsibilities from database administrators who need real SYSDBA privileges.
一个新的管理特权，SYSBACKUP，允许Recovery Manager(RMAN)用户连接到目标数据库，并运行RMAN命令，不再需要SYSDBA。
这一特性强制执行了职责安全模型的分离，即备份操作符只需要SYSBACKUP权限来运行RMAN命令，并从需要真正的SYSDBA特权的数据库管理员那里承担独立的职责。
RMAN连接到数据库的方式与SQL*Plus连接到数据库的方式相同。唯一的区别是，RMAN连接到目标或辅助数据库需要SYSDBA或SYSBACKUP特权。任何用户都可以授予此特权。实验
以下操作是在Oracle 12.1.0.2.0 版本数据库中操作
1) 给PDB 用户test 赋予sysdba 权限，RMAN两种方式连接目标数据库，并操作RMAN 命令
SQL> grant sysdba to test;
Grant succeeded.
[oracle@host1 ~]$ rman target test/test@pdbcndba
Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Wed Aug 9 15:39:52 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CNDBA (DBID=215559030)
[oracle@host1 ~]$ rman
Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Wed Aug 9 15:40:44 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target test/test@pdbcndba
connected to target database: CNDBA (DBID=215559030)
2）PDB 用户 cndba 赋予sysbackup 权限，RMAN后面一种方式连接目标数据库，并操作RMAN 命令
SQL> create user cndba identified by cndba
2 /
User created.
SQL> grant sysbackup to cndba;
Grant succeeded.
[oracle@host1 ~]$ rman target /"cndba@pdbcndba as sysbackup/"
Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Wed Aug 9 15:26:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
target database Password:
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04005: error from target database:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
[oracle@host1 ~]$ rman
Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Wed Aug 9 15:34:38 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target "cndba/cndba@pdbcndba as sysbackup"
connected to target database: CNDBA (DBID=215559030)
RMAN> list backup;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
28 Full 715.90M DISK 00:00:33 09-AUG-17
BP Key: 33 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20170809T002639
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/CNDBA/55DE010CACAA2E2FE055FE1D161C38B5/backupset/2017_08_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20170809T002639_drmso99v_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 28
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
8 Full 3011898 09-AUG-17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/system01.dbf
9 Full 3011898 09-AUG-17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/sysaux01.dbf
10 Full 3011898 09-AUG-17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/pdbcndba_users01.dbf
11 Full 3011898 09-AUG-17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/test01.dbf
RMAN> backup datafile 11;
Starting backup at 09-AUG-17
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=61 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/test01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-AUG-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/CNDBA/55DE010CACAA2E2FE055FE1D161C38B5/backupset/2017_08_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20170809T153759_drogyqm1_.bkp tag=TAG20170809T153759 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 09-AUG-17
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 09-AUG-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/CNDBA/autobackup/2017_08_09/o1_mf_s_951579482_drogyvl6_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 09-AUG-17参考链接
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/BRADV/rcmcnctg.htm#BRADV129
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/BRADV/rcmquick.htm#BRADV89348
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/NEWFT/chapter12101.htm#NEWFT416