[SpingBoot guides系列翻译]Redis的消息订阅发布

Redis的消息

部分参考链接

原文

CountDownLatch

概述

目的

这节讲的是用Redis来实现消息的发布和订阅,这里会使用Spring Data Redis来完成。

这里会用到两个东西,StringRedisTemplateMessageListenerAdapter。分别用来发布String类型的消息和订阅接收这些消息。

你需要的准备的

  • 大概15min(实际用下来应该不够)
  • 喜欢的ide或者文本编辑器(我使用intellij)
  • Jdk1.8+
  • Gradle4+ 或者 Maven3.2+(这里用Maven)

如何通过Maven来完成

新建maven项目

图片

创建pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  ~ Copyright (c) 2019.
  ~ lou
  -->

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>gs-messaging-redis</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

Spring Boot Maven Plugin 有以下几个作用

  • 把项目打包成一个可执行的jar文件。
  • 搜索并标记public static void main()为可执行类。
  • 使用内置的依赖管理

需要一个Redis Server

这里还需要一个Redis Server,搭设过程就不演示了,假设已经搭好,server: localhost:6379, password:xxxxxx。

创建一个Redis 消息接收类

src/main/java/hello/Receiver.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019.
 * lou
 */

package hello;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class Receiver {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Receiver.class);

    private CountDownLatch latch;

    @Autowired
    public Receiver(CountDownLatch latch) {
        this.latch = latch;
    }

    public void receiveMessage(String message){
        logger.info("接收到消息"+message);
        latch.countDown();
    }
    
}

CountDownLatch用来阻塞当前进程,调用countDown方法一次减少1,到0释放。。CountDownLatch 无法重置,如有需要,使用CyclicBarrier

创建一个Redis配置类

Redis的配置应该是放在配置文件中的,所以需要创建一个redis配置类,来读取resource/application.properties中的配置并赋值给相应的connectionFactory。

先添加一下application.properties

spring.redis.password=xxxxx
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.host=localhost

然后创建一个hello/RedisStandaloneConfigurationPropertySource.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019.
 * lou
 */

package hello;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;


//配置RedisConnectionFactory
@Configuration
@PropertySource(value = "application.properties",encoding = "utf-8")
public class RedisStandaloneConfigurationPropertySource {
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisStandaloneConfigurationPropertySource.class);
    @Value("${spring.redis.host}")
    private String hostName;
    @Value("${spring.redis.port}")
    private int port;
    @Value("${spring.redis.password}")
    private String password;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "RedisStandaloneConfigurationPropertySource{" +
                "hostName='" + hostName + '\'' +
                ", port=" + port +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    @Bean
    RedisConnectionFactory getRedisConnectionFactory() {
        //日志记录一下
        logger.info("redis的配置为:"+this.toString());
        JedisConnectionFactory factory = new JedisConnectionFactory();
        RedisStandaloneConfiguration configuration = factory.getStandaloneConfiguration();
        configuration.setHostName(hostName);
        configuration.setPort(port);
        configuration.setPassword(password);
        return factory;
    }
}

这个类的功能就是读取配置文件,并且定义一个RedisConnectionFactory的Bean,后面会用到。

注册这个消息接收类并发送消息

Spring Data Redis提供了发送和接收消息的所有组件。重点需要配置以下几个东西

  • 一个Connection Factory(连接管理工厂)
  • 一个 Message Listener Container(消息接收容器)
  • 一个Redis Template

使用Redis Template来发送消息,然后把Receiver注册到Message Listener Container中。Connection Factory驱动Template和Container,让他们可以连接到redis server。

例子中使用Spring boot的RedisConnectionFactory,它是基于JedisJedisConnectionFactory的实例。Connection Factory会同时注入到container和template中。

src/main/java/hello/Application.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019.
 * lou
 */

package hello;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.PatternTopic;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.RedisMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);

    //Container 由RedisConnectionFactory 和MessageListenerAdapter实例化
    @Bean
    RedisMessageListenerContainer container(@Qualifier("getRedisConnectionFactory") RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory, MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {
        RedisMessageListenerContainer container = new RedisMessageListenerContainer();
        container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        container.addMessageListener(listenerAdapter, new PatternTopic("chat"));

        return container;
    }

    @Bean
    MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(Receiver receiver) {
        //通过Receiver实例化Adapter,设置默认listen方法,receiveMessage
        return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");
    }

    @Bean
    Receiver receiver(CountDownLatch latch) {
        return new Receiver(latch);
    }

    @Bean
    CountDownLatch latch() {
        return new CountDownLatch(100);//设置上限100
    }

    //StringRedisTemplate由RedisConnectionFactory实例化
    @Bean
    StringRedisTemplate template(@Qualifier("getRedisConnectionFactory") RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new StringRedisTemplate(connectionFactory);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ApplicationContext ctx = SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);

        CountDownLatch latch = ctx.getBean(CountDownLatch.class);
        latch.await();
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

这样Application就完成了。

  • RedisMessageListenerContainer由container方法返回。
  • MessageListenerAdapter 由listenAdapter方法返回,构造函数里面第二个参数表示调用的方法receiveMessage,这个在receiver类中已经定义。
  • StringRedisTemplate 由template方法返回,这个类关注于操作key和value都是String类型的数据。

创建一个webapi来测试这个功能

src/main/java/hello/controller/TestController.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019.
 * lou
 */

package hello.controller;

import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ValueOperations;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.Random;

@RestController
public class TestController {
    Random random = new Random();
    StringRedisTemplate template;

    public TestController(StringRedisTemplate template) {
        this.template = template;
    }

    @GetMapping("test")
    public int TestMethod(@RequestParam(name = "t", defaultValue = "hello") String t) {
        ValueOperations operations = template.opsForValue();
        //测试读写redis
        operations.set("t", t);
        //发送消息
        template.convertAndSend("chat", "消息" + t);

        return random.nextInt(100);
    }
}

test方法里面调用convertAndSend方法,发送消息,启动后访问http://localhost:8080/test?t=2432,可以看到日志上有返回内容。

启动

构建可执行jar

打包 mvn package

运行 java -jar ./target/xxx.jar。看到可以运行起来。

小结

这个demo教了我们如何通过配置文件配置redis连接,然后实现发布和订阅。

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/sheldon-lou/p/10858393.html
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