yum安装Jenkins 最简单最全的教程

Jenkins是用java编写的开源持续集成工具，目前被国内外各公司广泛使用。本章教大家如何在linux服务器上安装Jenkins。

需要先安装jdk

1.查看jdk版本，输入java -version,如果不是jdk1.8以上，需要安装jdk1.8。
2.新建/usr/java文件夹，下载jdk-8u131-linux-x64.gz，放在该目录下。
3.解压jdk,命令输入 tar -zxvf  jdk-8u131-linux-x64.gz。
4.配置环境变量，使用vi  /etc/profile编辑profile文件，在/etc/profile底部加入下面内容：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
保存并退出编辑。
使用source /etc/profile让profile文件生效

三、yum安装Jenkins

这里推荐使用yum方式安装Jenkins，最简单方便。

yum的repos中默认是没有Jenkins的，需要先将Jenkins存储库添加到yum repos。

sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key

yum安装Jenkins

yum install jenkins

随后就可以看到系统开始自动下载安装。
出现提示是否下载的时候输入y并按回车。
耐心等待安装完成。

现在Jenkins已经安装好了，不过启动之前最好稍微修改一下配置。默认情况是Jenkins是使用Jenkins用户启动的，但这个用户目前系统并没有赋予权限，这里我们将启动用户修改为root；另外Jenkins默认端口是8080，这个跟tomcat的默认端口冲突，我们也修改一下默认端口。
输入命令进入Jenkins配置文件

## Path:        Development/Jenkins
## Description: Jenkins Automation Server
## Type:        string
## Default:     "/var/lib/jenkins"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Directory where Jenkins store its configuration and working
# files (checkouts, build reports, artifacts, ...).
#
JENKINS_HOME="/var/lib/jenkins"

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Java executable to run Jenkins
# When left empty, we'll try to find the suitable Java.
#
JENKINS_JAVA_CMD=""

## Type:        string
## Default:     "jenkins"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Unix user account that runs the Jenkins daemon
# Be careful when you change this, as you need to update
# permissions of $JENKINS_HOME and /var/log/jenkins.
#
#JENKINS_USER="jenkins"
JENKINS_USER="root"      #修改启动用户为root

## Type:        string
## Default: "false"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Whether to skip potentially long-running chown at the
# $JENKINS_HOME location. Do not enable this, "true", unless
# you know what you're doing. See JENKINS-23273.
#
#JENKINS_INSTALL_SKIP_CHOWN="false"

## Type: string
## Default:     "-Djava.awt.headless=true"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Options to pass to java when running Jenkins.
#
JENKINS_JAVA_OPTIONS="-Djava.awt.headless=true"

## Type:        integer(0:65535)
## Default:     8080
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Port Jenkins is listening on.
# Set to -1 to disable
#
#JENKINS_PORT="8080"
JENKINS_PORT="10000"  #修改端口为10000

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# IP address Jenkins listens on for HTTP requests.
# Default is all interfaces (0.0.0.0).
#
JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS=""

## Type:        integer(0:65535)
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# HTTPS port Jenkins is listening on.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT=""

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Path to the keystore in JKS format (as created by the JDK 'keytool').
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE=""

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Password to access the keystore defined in JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=""

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# IP address Jenkins listens on for HTTPS requests.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS=""


## Type:        integer(1:9)
## Default:     5
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Debug level for logs -- the higher the value, the more verbose.
# 5 is INFO.
#
JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL="5"

## Type:        yesno
## Default:     no
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Whether to enable access logging or not.
#
JENKINS_ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG="no"

## Type:        integer
## Default:     100
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Maximum number of HTTP worker threads.
#
JENKINS_HANDLER_MAX="100"

## Type:        integer
## Default:     20
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Maximum number of idle HTTP worker threads.
#
JENKINS_HANDLER_IDLE="20"

## Type:        string
## Default:     ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Pass arbitrary arguments to Jenkins.
# Full option list: java -jar jenkins.war --help
#
JENKINS_ARGS=""

修改完配置后，保存退出。
好了，现在配置文件也修改好了，可以启动Jenkins了。
输入启动命令以启动Jenkins服务。

service jenkins start

注意：启动如果报：

Starting jenkins (via systemctl): Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See “systemctl status jenkins.service” and “journalctl -xe” for details.

按提示输入：systemctl status jenkins.service

● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sat 2019-02-16 15:07:46 CST; 39s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 16856 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Feb 16 15:07:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...
Feb 16 15:07:46 localhost.localdomain runuser[16861]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user r...=0)
Feb 16 15:07:46 localhost.localdomain jenkins[16856]: Starting Jenkins bash: /usr/bin/java: No such file o...ory
Feb 16 15:07:46 localhost.localdomain jenkins[16856]: [FAILED]
Feb 16 15:07:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: jenkins.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Feb 16 15:07:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.
Feb 16 15:07:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit jenkins.service entered failed state.
Feb 16 15:07:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: jenkins.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

解决办法
意思就是没有找到java文件，需要自己把java文件地址复制过去
修改/etc/init.d/jenkins文件

# Search usable Java as /usr/bin/java might not point to minimal version required by Jenkins.
# see http://www.nabble.com/guinea-pigs-wanted-----Hudson-RPM-for-RedHat-Linux-td25673707.html
candidates="
/etc/alternatives/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/bin/java
"

然后再执行启动命令

出现OK表示Jenkins启动成功。
在浏览器输入ip:10000进入Jenkins登录页面。

进入登录页面后，Jenkins提示我们需要输入超级管理员密码进行解锁。根据提示，我们可以在/var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword文件里找到密码。

输入命令以找到密码。

tail /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

找到密码后，复制密码，粘贴到Jenkins解锁页面，点击Continue继续初始化配置。短暂的等待后，进入插件安装页面

这里我们点击的Install suggested plugins，安装默认插件，当然你也可以点击另一个按钮安装指定的插件

点击后，页面进入了插件下载安装页面

安装插件，有时候会报类似的错误：An error occurred during installation: No such plugin: cloudbees-folder

上面的错误显示是，安装插件cloudbees-folder失败，是因为下载的Jenkins.war里没有cloudbees-folder插件，

                      需要在网上下载：http://ftp.icm.edu.pl/packages/jenkins/plugins/cloudbees-folder/

下载cloudbees-folder.hpi放在 /var/lib/jenkins/plugins  即可

耐心等待全部安装完成。安装完成后，页面自动进入了管理员账户注册页面

输入完信息点击Save and Finish。

至此，Jenkins安装并初始化完成了