一,复习
'''
项目开发规范
ATM
-- bin: 可执行文件
# run.py
import os
import sys
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)) # ATM文件夹
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)
from core import main
-- core:核心代码
# main.py
from setting import settings
from lib import mp
# login.py
# from bin.run import BASE_DIR
# u_info = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db', 'user.info')
from setting.settings import USER_INFO
# register.py
# from bin.run import BASE_DIR
# u_info = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db', 'user.info')
from setting.settings import USER_INFO
-- db:数据库
# user.info
-- setting:配置
# settings.py
from bin.run import BASE_DIR
USER_INFO = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db', 'user.info')
-- lib:公用模块
# mp文件夹
__init__.py
m1.py
m2.py
-- log:日志
-- static:静态资源
-- interface:接口
2.时间: time calendar datetime
3.系统 sys, os, os.path
4.sys.argv:结束文件作为脚本执行传入的参数
cmd:python3 py脚本 参数们
'''
二,random模块:
'''
(0,1):random.random()
[1,10]:random.randint(1,10)
[1,10):random.randrange(1,10)
(1,10):random.uniform(1,10)
单例集合随机选择1个:random.choice(item)
单例集合随机选择n个:random.sample(item,n)
洗牌单例集合:random.shuffle(item)
'''''
import random
for i in range(10):
print(random.random()) #0.7752135892961534 ... 0.4973644933984488
for i in range(10):
print(random.randint(1,10)) #[1,10]整数
for i in range(10):
print(random.randrange(1,10)) #[1,9]整数
for i in range(10):
print(random.uniform(1,10)) #(1,10)小数
item = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for i in range(10):
print(random.choice(item)) #随机选择一个,选择10次
for i in range(10):
print(random.sample(item,3)) #[5, 2, 1] ....[2, 4, 3]
# 打乱
random.shuffle(item) #[4, 3, 1, 5, 2]
# print(item)
'''#验证码案例:'''
#part1
def random_code0(num):
code = ''
for i in range(num):
d = random.randint(65, 90) # 小写字母
x = random.randint(97, 122) # 大写字母
n = random.randint(0, 9)
code += random.choice([chr(d),chr(x),str(n)])
return code
res = random_code0(10)
print(res)
#part2
def random_code1(num):
code = ''
for i in range(num):
choose = random.randint(1,3)
if choose == 1:
c = chr(random.randint(65,90))
elif choose == 2:
c = chr(random.randint(90,122))
else:
c = str(random.randint(0,9))
code += c
return code
res1 = random_code1(10)
print(res1)
#print(ord(']')) #93
#part3
def random_code2(num):
#每个字母只会出现一次
target = '1234567890qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmQWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM~!@#$%^&*()_+'
code_list = random.sample(target,num)
return ''.join(code_list)
res2 = random_code2(10)
print(res2)
三,json模块:
'''
json语言,就是一种语法规范的字符串,用来存在数据的,完成各种语言之间的数据交互
1,就是{} 与 []的组合,{}存放双列信息(类比字典),[]存放单列信息(类比列表)
2,{}的key必须是字符串,且必须用 "" 包裹
3,{}与[]中支持的值得类型有:dict| list | int | float | bool | null | str
'''
json_str = '{"info" : 1,"msg": [1 ,"a" , true , false , null , 3,14]}'
obj = json.loads(json_str)
#在python环境下会转换为python下的格式
print(obj, type(obj)) #{'info': 1, 'msg': [1, 'a', True, False, None, 3, 14]} <class 'dict'>
'''
序列化:将对象转换为字符串
dumps:将对象直接序列化成字符串
'''
obj = {'name':'Owen',"age":18,'height':180,"gender":"男"}
r1 = json.dumps(obj,ensure_ascii=False) #取消默认ascii编码,,同该文件的编码utf-8,py3默认utf-8,py2规定文件头
print(r1) #{"name": "Owen", "age": 18, "height": 180, "gender": "男"}
'''
dump:将对象序列化成字符串存储到文件中
'''
with open('1.txt','w',encoding='utf-8')as w:
json.dump(obj,w,ensure_ascii=False)
'''
反序列化:将字符串转换为对象
'''
json_str ='{"name":"Owen","age":18,"height":180,"gender":"男"}'
r2 = json.loads(json_str,encoding='utf-8') #默认跟当前文件解释器执行编码走
print(r2,type(r2)) #{'name': 'Owen', 'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'gender': '男'} <class 'dict'>
with open('1.txt','r',encoding='utf-8')as r:
data = json.load(r)
print(data,type(data)) #{'name': 'Owen', 'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'gender': '男'} <class 'dict'>
四,pickle模块:
obj = {"name":'Owen',"age":18,"height":180,"gender":"男"}
'''eval'''
s = str(obj)
print(s,type(s)) #{'name': 'Owen', 'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'gender': '男'} <class 'str'>
o = eval(s)
print(o,type(o)) #{'name': 'Owen', 'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'gender': '男'} <class 'dict'>
'''
为什么有很多序列化和反序列化模块
因为程序中会出现各种各样的对象,如果要将这些对象持久化存储,必须先序列化
只有序列化存储后,必须有对应的反序列化,才能保证存储的数据被重新读取使用
什么是序列化: 对象=》字符串
为什么序列化:存(pickle) 和 传(json)
为什么要反序列:再次使用
为什么有很多序列化模块:存与取的算法可以多种多样,且要配套
'''
import pickle
obj = {"name":'Owen',"age":18,"height":180,"gender":"男"}
#序列化
r1 = pickle.dumps(obj)
print(r1) #b'\x80\x03}q\x00(X\x04\x00\x00\x00nameq\x01X\x04\x00\x00\x00Owenq\x02X\x03\x00\.......94\xb7q\x06u.'
with open('2.txt','wb')as w:
pickle.dump(obj,w)
#反序列化
with open('2.txt','rb')as r:
data = r.read()
o1 = pickle.loads(data)
print(o1,type(o1)) #{'name': 'Owen', 'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'gender': '男'} <class 'dict'>
r.seek(0,0) #游标移到开头在读
o2 = pickle.load(r)
print(o2,type(o2)) #{'name': 'Owen', 'age': 18, 'height': 180, 'gender': '男'} <class 'dict'>
五,shelve 模块:
'''
即时存取的序列化模块
'''''
import shelve
shv_dic = shelve.open('my.shv')
shv_dic['name'] = 'Owen'
shv_dic['nmae'] = 'Zero'
shv_dic.close()
#关闭后需要重新open才能读
# print(shv_dic['name'])
shv_dic = shelve.open('my.shv')
print(shv_dic['name']) #Owen
stus = ['张三','李四']
shv_dic['stus'] = stus
print(shv_dic['stus'])
shv_dic.close() #['张三', '李四']
shv_dic = shelve.open('my.shv',writeback=True)
#将内容从文件中取出,在内存中添加,如果操作文件有writeback=True,会将内存操作记录实时同步到文件
shv_dic['stus'].append('王五')
print(shv_dic['stus']) #['张三','李四','王五']
shv_dic.close()
#方式二:利用一个缓存的变量
# ls = []
# she = shelve.open('my.shv')
# stus = ['张三','李四']
# ls = stus
# temp = ls
# temp.append('王五')
# ls = temp
# print(ls)
import shelve
list = [1, 2, 3]
she = shelve.open('test')
she['d'] = list
print(she['d'])
temp = she['d']
temp.append('f')
she['d'] = temp
print(she['d'])
六,hashlib加密模块:
''''
不可逆加密:没有解密的加密方式 md5
解密方式:碰撞解密
加密的对象:用于传输的数据(字符串类型数据)
'''''
import hashlib
lock = hashlib.md5()
# 195eaff9c88bceae9f094f5ef322e5da
data = '你好帅'
lock.update(data.encode('utf-8'))
#195eaff9c88bceae9f094f5ef322e5da
lock.update('你'.encode('utf-8'))
lock.update('好'.encode('utf-8'))
lock.update('帅'.encode('utf-8'))
res = lock.hexdigest()
print(res)
'''
特点:加密的总数据一样,加密结果一定一样,且算法不变,加密结果的长度不变
'''
'''
一次加密:
1,获取加密对象 hashlib.md5() => lock_obj
2,添加加密数据 lock_obj.update(b'...') ... lock_obj.update(b'...')
3,获取加密结果 lock.hexdigest() => result
'''
lock = hashlib.md5()
lock.update(b'') #d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
res = lock.hexdigest()
print(res)
'''
加盐加密:
1,保证原数据过于简单,通过复杂的盐也可以提高解密难度
2,即使被碰撞解密成功,也不能直接识别盐与有效数据
'''
lock_obj = hashlib.md5()
lock.update(b'goodgoods')
lock_obj.update(b'123')
lock_obj.update(b'upup')
res = lock_obj.hexdigest()
print(res) #4e8beac37b1af87849fcbacbb534cbd3
#67b176705b46206614219f47a05aee7ae6a3edbe850bbbe214c536b989aea4d2
lock_obj = hashlib.sha3_256(b'1')
print(lock_obj.hexdigest())
#ca2c70bc13298c5109ee0cb342d014906e63652......
lock_obj = hashlib.sha3_512(b'1')
print(lock_obj.hexdigest())
七,hmac 加密模块:
'''
hmac加密:
'''''
import hmac
#hmac.new(arg) #区别:必须提供一个参数
cipher = hmac.new('加密的数据'.encode('utf-8'))
print(cipher.hexdigest()) #786d0bc4850b2f4daf6b293a3df23653
cipher = hmac.new('前盐'.encode('utf-8'))
cipher.update('加密的数据'.encode('utf-8'))
print(cipher.hexdigest()) #786d0bc4850b2f4daf6b293a3df23653
cipher = hmac.new('加密的数据'.encode('utf-8'))
cipher.update('后盐'.encode('utf-8'))
print(cipher.hexdigest()) #e785c73fd63568fabf047ed5ec280a15
cipher = hmac.new('前盐'.encode('utf-8'))
cipher.update('加密的数据'.encode('utf-8'))
cipher.update('后盐'.encode('utf-8'))
print(cipher.hexdigest()) #fdf226ffcf70e1ab56100bc88fa594a0
'''
特点:加密的总数据一样,加密结果一定一样,且算法不变,加密结果的长度不变
'''