C#多线程刷新界面卡死测试

背景

在上位机程序开发过程中，不可避免的会用到多线程，如处理Socket通信、PLC读取、界面数据实时刷新等。在某个项目中由于开启的线程很多，出现了不定期界面卡死状况，但后台线程还在运行，日志还在输出。为了解决这个问题，特写了模拟程序进行问题复现。顺便把过程分享一下。

要点

1、区分Control.BeginInvoke和Control.Invoke的用法
2、区分System.Timers.Timer、System.Threading.ThreadPool、System.Threading.Thread

Demo

创建一个WinForm应用程序，把工程属性的输出类型设置为控制台应用程序，方便运行时查看日志。

关键代码

BasicInvoker

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WinApp
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 调用器
    /// </summary>
    public class BasicInvoker
    {
        public delegate void Invoke(); 

        private Form form = null;
        private TextBox txt = null;
        private object value = String.Empty;

        public BasicInvoker(Form form, TextBox txt, object value)
        {
            this.form = form;
            this.txt = txt;
            this.value = value;
        }

        public void SetValue()
        {
            if (this.form != null && !this.form.IsDisposed)
            {
                if (this.form.InvokeRequired)
                {
                    Delegate d = new Invoke(this.DoWork);
                    try
                    {
                        this.form.Invoke(d, null);
                        //this.form.BeginInvoke(d);
                    }
                    catch(Exception ex)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    this.DoWork();
                }
            }
        }

        public void DoWork()
        {
            if (this.txt != null)
            {
                this.txt.Text = this.value.ToString();
                Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff}", DateTime.Now) + "  " +  this.value.ToString() + "...1");
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(200);
                Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff}", DateTime.Now) + "  " + this.value.ToString() + "...2");
            }
        }
    }
}

FrmTest

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WinApp
{
    public partial class FrmTester : Form
    {
        #region 变量定义

        private System.Timers.Timer timer1 = null;
        private System.Timers.Timer timer2 = null;
        private System.Timers.Timer timer3 = null;

        private System.Threading.Thread thread1 = null;
        private System.Threading.Thread thread2 = null;
        private System.Threading.Thread thread3 = null;

        #endregion

        #region 构造方法

        public FrmTester()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        #endregion

        #region 事件处理

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (timer1 == null)
            {
                timer1 = new System.Timers.Timer();
                timer1.Interval = 500;
                timer1.Elapsed += t1_Elapsed;
                timer1.Start();
            }
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (timer2 == null)
            {
                timer2 = new System.Timers.Timer();
                timer2.Interval = 500;
                timer2.Elapsed += t2_Elapsed;
                timer2.Start();
            }
        }        

        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (timer3 == null)
            {
                timer3 = new System.Timers.Timer();
                timer3.Interval = 500;
                timer3.Elapsed += t3_Elapsed;
                timer3.Start();
            }
        }

        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            System.Threading.ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new System.Threading.WaitCallback(this.CallBack1));
        }

        private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            System.Threading.ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new System.Threading.WaitCallback(this.CallBack2));
        }

        private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            System.Threading.ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new System.Threading.WaitCallback(this.CallBack3));
        }

        private void button7_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (this.thread1 == null)
            {
                this.thread1 = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(this.CallBack1));
                this.thread1.Start();
            }
        }

        private void button8_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (this.thread2 == null)
            {
                this.thread2 = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(this.CallBack2));
                this.thread2.Start();
            }
        }

        private void button9_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (this.thread3 == null)
            {
                this.thread3 = new System.Threading.Thread(new System.Threading.ThreadStart(this.CallBack3));
                this.thread3.Start();
            }
        }

        private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("FormClosing...");
            
            if (this.timer1 != null)
            {
                this.timer1.Stop();
                this.timer1.Dispose();
            }
            if (this.timer2 != null)
            {
                this.timer2.Stop();
                this.timer2.Dispose();
            }
            if (this.timer3 != null)
            {
                this.timer3.Stop();
                this.timer3.Dispose();
            }

            if (this.thread1 != null)
            {
                //if (this.thread1.ThreadState == System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
                {
                    this.thread1.Abort();
                }
            }

            if (this.thread2 != null)
            {
                //if (this.thread2.ThreadState == System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
                {
                    this.thread2.Abort();
                }
            }

            if (this.thread3 != null)
            {
                //if (this.thread3.ThreadState == System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
                {
                    this.thread3.Abort();
                }
            }
        }

        private void Form1_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("FormClosed...");
        }  

        #endregion

        #region 定时处理方法定义

        private void t1_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
        {
            //lock(Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
            lock (String.Empty)
            {
                BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
                invoker.SetValue();
            }
        }

        private void t2_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
        {
            ////lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
            lock (String.Empty)
            {
                BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
                invoker.SetValue();
            }
        }

        private void t3_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
        {
            //lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
            lock (String.Empty)
            {
                BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB");
                invoker.SetValue();
            }
        }

        public void CallBack1(object state)
        {
            while(true)
            {
                //lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
                lock(String.Empty)
                {
                    BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
                    invoker.SetValue();
                }
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
            }
        }

        public void CallBack2(object state)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                //lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
                lock(String.Empty)
                {
                    BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
                    invoker.SetValue();
                }
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
            }
        }

        public void CallBack3(object state)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                //lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
                lock(String.Empty)
                {
                    BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB");
                    invoker.SetValue();
                }
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
            }
        }

        public void CallBack1()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                //lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
                lock (String.Empty)
                {
                    BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
                    invoker.SetValue();
                }
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
            }
        }

        public void CallBack2()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                //lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
                lock (String.Empty)
                {
                    BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
                    invoker.SetValue();
                }
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
            }
        }

        public void CallBack3()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                //lock (Global.PublicVar.Instance.Locker1)
                lock (String.Empty)
                {
                    BasicInvoker invoker = new BasicInvoker(this, this.textBox1, "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB");
                    invoker.SetValue();
                }
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
            }
        }

        #endregion
    }
}

运行图：


运行结果：
一、使用Control.BeginInvoke的情况

public void SetValue()
        {
            if (this.form != null && !this.form.IsDisposed)
            {
                if (this.form.InvokeRequired)
                {
                    Delegate d = new Invoke(this.DoWork);
                    try
                    {
                        //this.form.Invoke(d, null);
                        this.form.BeginInvoke(d);
                    }
                    catch(Exception ex)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    this.DoWork();
                }
            }
        }

1.1、System.Timers.Timer开启2以上很快界面卡死，日志正常输出。
1.2、System.Threading.ThreadPool开启3个时，运行一会界面卡死，日志正常输出。
1.3、System.Threading.Thread开启3个时，运行一会界面卡死，日志正常输出。
二、使用Control.Invoke的情况

public void SetValue()
        {
            if (this.form != null && !this.form.IsDisposed)
            {
                if (this.form.InvokeRequired)
                {
                    Delegate d = new Invoke(this.DoWork);
                    try
                    {
                        this.form.Invoke(d, null);
                        //this.form.BeginInvoke(d);
                    }
                    catch(Exception ex)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    this.DoWork();
                }
            }
        }

2.1、System.Timers.Timer开启3个时很快界面卡死，日志正常输出。
2.2、System.Threading.ThreadPool开启3个时，界面正常操作，日志正常输出。
2.3、System.Threading.Thread开启3个时，界面正常操作，日志正常输出。

测试总结：
1、System.Threading.ThreadPool与System.Threading.Thread运行效果基本相同。
2、在多线程刷新界面时尽量通过Control.Invoke调用委托实现。

完成代码下载

完整代码下载