vi掌握练习：
英文文档，相同的单词复制粘贴光标移动编辑等操作；
查看文本：
cat、tac、more、less、head、tail、find、grep
cat：
显示文件所有内容，小文件查看时使用。
缺点：文件大时不方便查看，文件很大时，会抢占系统资源，会出现命令崩溃。
[zyj@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin rtkit:x:499:499:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:498:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin pulse:x:497:496:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin zyj:x:500:500: python_full:/home/zyj:/bin/bash
more：显示一个版面，按空格继续显示，并显示百分比，按q退出查看。
less：一行一行显示，和more差不多
[zyj@localhost ~]$ more /etc/profile # /etc/profile # System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this # will prevent the need for merging in future updates. pathmunge () { case ":${PATH}:" in *:"$1":*) ;; *) if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then PATH=$PATH:$1 else PATH=$1:$PATH fi esac } if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then # ksh workaround EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u` UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru` fi USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`" LOGNAME=$USER MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER" fi # Path manipulation --More--(47%)
tail：查看文件的末尾，默认显示尾部10行，查看新增日志文件。
[zyj@localhost ~]$ tail /etc/profile if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then . "$i" else . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi done unset i unset -f pathmunge [zyj@localhost ~]$
[zyj@localhost ~]$ tail-f /etc/profile //查看实时日志，新增的日志追加显示出来。 -bash: tail-f: command not found [zyj@localhost ~]$ tail -f /etc/profile if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then . "$i" else . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1 fi fi done unset i unset -f pathmunge
head：默认显示前10行，可以通过-加数字选择查看前面具体的行数；
[zyj@localhost ~]$ head /etc/profile # /etc/profile # System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this # will prevent the need for merging in future updates. [zyj@localhost ~]$
1 [zyj@localhost ~]$ head -5 /etc/profile //显示前5行 2 # /etc/profile 3 4 # System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup 5 # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc 6 7 [zyj@localhost ~]$
分屏显示：
more、less
more：向后翻