Linux命令之查看设备信息
fdisk,lsblk,df,blkid，lspci
命令提示符为root@hollowman-F117:~# ：在优麒麟20.10/ubuntu20.10中以hollowman用户登录，打开终端后切换到root用户进行测试
命令提示符为[root@hollowman ~]# ：在RHEL8/CentOS8中直接以root用户登录并进行测试
1.fdisk -l
查看硬盘分区信息，除了查看，fdisk命令还能管理硬盘分区，包括删除分区、创建分区、格式化分区等。
root@hollowman-F117:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda：238.47 GiB，256060514304 字节，500118192 个扇区
Disk model: LITEON CV5-8Q256
单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：gpt
磁盘标识符：0C4465B6-3A2E-4D5F-BA11-30C5E5E04EB4
设备 起点 末尾 扇区 大小 类型
/dev/sda1 2048 976895 974848 476M EFI 系统
/dev/sda2 976896 16601087 15624192 7.5G Linux swap
/dev/sda3 16601088 500117503 483516416 230.6G Linux 文件系统
[root@hollowman ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 22 GiB, 23622320128 bytes, 46137344 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x012f51fc
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/nvme0n1p2 2099200 46137343 44038144 21G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 19 GiB, 20346568704 bytes, 39739392 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 2 GiB, 2197815296 bytes, 4292608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2.lsblk
list block，列出块设备信息
root@hollowman-F117:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 238.5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 476M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 7.5G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 230.6G 0 part /
[root@hollowman ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 6.6G 0 rom /media/RHEL8iso
nvme0n1 259:0 0 22G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 21G 0 part
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 19G 0 lvm /
└─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
3.df
disk free，显示磁盘使用情况
root@hollowman-F117:~# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
tmpfs 1.6G 3.7M 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/sda3 231G 25G 207G 11% /
tmpfs 7.8G 16K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 476M 7.8M 468M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 1.6G 176K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000
[root@hollowman ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 889M 0 889M 0% /dev
tmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 904M 9.7M 894M 2% /run
tmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 19G 4.0G 15G 21% /
/dev/sr0 6.7G 6.7G 0 100% /media/RHEL8iso
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
tmpfs 181M 16K 181M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 181M 3.5M 178M 2% /run/user/0
4.blkid
block id,查看块设备id等信息
root@hollowman-F117:~# blkid
/dev/sda2: UUID="c6ff6200-b9e0-43fb-a1a5-8780cc8904c0" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="32743170-9f38-4aec-83df-c86cede793b5"
/dev/sda3: UUID="9a8c0f9b-81d6-4518-a389-3ab635485bea" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="1e2e065c-f13c-48fe-a32c-5a06505fd1e1"
/dev/sda1: UUID="1365-F283" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="91090036-2e44-4093-b714-580122c1b5a1"
[root@hollowman ~]# blkid
/dev/mapper/rhel-root: UUID="548acdcb-e21f-4d21-8c4d-3dcdc6f39414" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/nvme0n1p2: UUID="wfT7j1-2usS-WcEw-HZ03-iwMT-L7Xk-W0Xyfw" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="012f51fc-02"
/dev/nvme0n1: PTUUID="012f51fc" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="44a8c1aa-0178-474f-8964-7949983bd5b7" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="012f51fc-01"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2019-04-04-08-40-23-00" LABEL="RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="0da1aba4" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap: UUID="57af1f4d-6974-4fe3-99c9-87229a43a6ea" TYPE="swap"
5.lspci
查看所有的pci设备，如主板、显卡、声卡等，lspci -v 可以查看每个pci设备的详细信息
此外：cpu详细信息存储在/proc/cpuinfo文件，内存信息存储着/proc/meminfo
root@hollowman-F117:~# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 05)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 05)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 630 (rev 04)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th/8th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 31)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Thermal Subsystem (rev 31)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 31)
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] (rev 31)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4 (rev f1)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f1)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM175 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation CM238 HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus (rev 31)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Mobile] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP107GL High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 0c)
03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 3165 (rev 81)