[Hadoop] 从WordCount 入门

Hadoop就不介绍了~ 之后应该会补充一个如何在单机Ubuntu上面部署hadoop的文章。不过网上也一大把了~ 

先贴一个可以用的WordCount代码

package org.myorg;
        
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;
        
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.TextOutputFormat;
        
public class WordCount {
        
 public static class Map extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
    private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
    private Text word = new Text();
        
    public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        String line = value.toString();
        StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line);
        while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
            word.set(tokenizer.nextToken());
            context.write(word, one);
        }
    }
 } 
        
 public static class Reduce extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {

    public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) 
      throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        int sum = 0;
        for (IntWritable val : values) {
            sum += val.get();
        }
        context.write(key, new IntWritable(sum));
    }
 }
        
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        
        Job job = new Job(conf, "wordcount");
    
    job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
    job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        
    job.setMapperClass(Map.class);
    job.setReducerClass(Reduce.class);
        
    job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class);
    job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class);
        
    FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(args[0]));
    FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        
    job.waitForCompletion(true);
 }
        
}

来源：http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/WordCount 

在网上也看到不少WordCount的示例程序，但是实际上不一定能用，因为最后的结果只map没有reduce。即查看结果会发现重复的key，这些key的值都是1

其原因在于：

Mapper输出类型要跟Reducer的输入类型要匹配

如下面所示：

Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> { ...
Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> { ...

从Api Doc可以知道，Mapper\Reducer后面的扩展类型的作用分别是：

KeyIn, KeyOut, ValueIn, ValueOut

当两者匹配的时候才能正常衔接

另外，需要知道，上面main函数里面用的是Configuration + Job. 据说这是Hadoop在0.20.X之后新的API，所以其类引用地址是

  org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce

如果是以前旧的API的话，引用的应该是

  org.apache.hadoop.mapred

下面贴一个使用老的API写的wordCount。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapReduceBase;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.OutputCollector;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextOutputFormat;
/**
 * 
 * 描述：WordCount explains by Felix
 * @author Hadoop Dev Group
 */
public class WordCount
{
    /**
     * MapReduceBase类:实现了Mapper和Reducer接口的基类（其中的方法只是实现接口，而未作任何事情）
     * Mapper接口：
     * WritableComparable接口：实现WritableComparable的类可以相互比较。所有被用作key的类应该实现此接口。
     * Reporter 则可用于报告整个应用的运行进度，本例中未使用。 
     * 
     */
    public static class Map extends MapReduceBase implements
            Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>
    {
        /**
         * LongWritable, IntWritable, Text 均是 Hadoop 中实现的用于封装 Java 数据类型的类，这些类实现了WritableComparable接口，
         * 都能够被串行化从而便于在分布式环境中进行数据交换，你可以将它们分别视为long,int,String 的替代品。
         */
        private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
        private Text word = new Text();
        
        /**
         * Mapper接口中的map方法：
         * void map(K1 key, V1 value, OutputCollector<K2,V2> output, Reporter reporter)
         * 映射一个单个的输入k/v对到一个中间的k/v对
         * 输出对不需要和输入对是相同的类型，输入对可以映射到0个或多个输出对。
         * OutputCollector接口：收集Mapper和Reducer输出的<k,v>对。
         * OutputCollector接口的collect(k, v)方法:增加一个(k,v)对到output
         */
        public void map(LongWritable key, Text value,
                OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter)
                throws IOException
        {
            String line = value.toString();
            StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line);
            while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens())
            {
                word.set(tokenizer.nextToken());
                output.collect(word, one);
            }
        }
    }
    public static class Reduce extends MapReduceBase implements
            Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>
    {
        public void reduce(Text key, Iterator<IntWritable> values,
                OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter)
                throws IOException
        {
            int sum = 0;
            while (values.hasNext())
            {
                sum += values.next().get();
            }
            output.collect(key, new IntWritable(sum));
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        /**
         * JobConf：map/reduce的job配置类，向hadoop框架描述map-reduce执行的工作
         * 构造方法：JobConf()、JobConf(Class exampleClass)、JobConf(Configuration conf)等
         */
        JobConf conf = new JobConf(WordCount.class);
        conf.setJobName("wordcount");           //设置一个用户定义的job名称
        conf.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);    //为job的输出数据设置Key类
        conf.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);   //为job输出设置value类
        conf.setMapperClass(Map.class);         //为job设置Mapper类
        conf.setCombinerClass(Reduce.class);      //为job设置Combiner类
        conf.setReducerClass(Reduce.class);        //为job设置Reduce类
        conf.setInputFormat(TextInputFormat.class);    //为map-reduce任务设置InputFormat实现类
        conf.setOutputFormat(TextOutputFormat.class);  //为map-reduce任务设置OutputFormat实现类
        /**
         * InputFormat描述map-reduce中对job的输入定义
         * setInputPaths():为map-reduce job设置路径数组作为输入列表
         * setInputPath()：为map-reduce job设置路径数组作为输出列表
         */
//        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path(args[0]));
//        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(args[1]));
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path("/home/hadoop/DataSet/Hadoop/WordCount"));
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path("/home/hadoop/DataSet/Hadoop/WordCount-OUTPUT"));
        JobClient.runJob(conf);         //运行一个job
    }
}