cobbler:
快速安装linux操作系统的服务，支持众多的Linux发行版：Red Hat、Fedora、Centos、Debian、Ubuntu和SuSE,同时也支持网络安装windows
PXE的二次封装，将多种安装参数封装到一个菜单，使用Python编写，提供了CLI和Web管理形式
cobbler实现
系统：centos7.10 1810
cobbler 基于epel源，先打开epel源，使用1804版本的epel，较新版本会有问题（本次实验进行的时候）
1、安装cobbler
yum install cobbler 安装cobbler时会自动安装tftp,http这两个服务以及相关的其他工具包，但不会安装dhcp服务，实现cobbler还需要dhcp服务，手动安装
yum install dhcp
2、开启服务
开启除了dhcp外的所有服务并设置为开机启动(实际工作中)。tftp、http、cobbler
systemctl start tftp httpd cobblerd
systemctl enable tftp httpd dhcpd cobblerd
使用cobbler check命令检查cobbler的相关配置，并根据提示逐个修改为正确配置 
3、修改配置文件
修改/etc/cobbler/settings进行配置
第101行“default_password_crypted:”为cobbler密码，默认为cobbler(此密码为系统密码),用MD5加密,将新密码加密后覆盖原来的加密密码
第242行 “manage_dhcp: 0” 将0改为1 自动配置dhcp
第272行“next_server: 127.0.0.1”为tftp服务器地址，修改为正确的tftp服务器地址。可以是本机地址，也可以是同网络中的tftp服务器地址
第384行“server: 127.0.0.1”为cobbler服务器的地址，修改为本机地址
运行cobbler get-loader自动安装cobbler需要的文件，如pxelinux,syslinux等
[root@CentOS7 yum.repos.d]#cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2019-04-21_175857_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Apr 21 17:58:57 2019)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.sysl
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.ef
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86
*** TASK COMPLETE ***修改完成后运行cobbler sync更新配置
[root@CentOS7 yum.repos.d]#cobbler sync
task started: 2019-04-21_181905_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Apr 21 18:19:05 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
重启cobbler服务，再次运行cobbler check检查，如提示如下三行，可以不用管了
[root@CentOS7 yum.repos.d]#cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.运行vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 编辑DHCP模板文件，设置DHCP服务 
根据实际情况设置图片中的几项就可以
运行 cobbler sync 更新配置，因为前面将配置文件第242行 “manage_dhcp: 0” 的0改为1，所以会自动更新dhcp服务的配置文件
4、拷贝文件到相应目录
将安装源文件拷贝到相应的目录(/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/)中。实验中用的光盘iso文件，已将光盘挂载到/mnt目录下
运行cobbler improt --path=/mnt --name=Centos-7.6 --arch=x86_64(CPU架构) 开始自动拷贝文件，时间长短看拷贝文件的大小
拷贝完成后运行下面的命令可查看不同的信息：
cobbler profile list 查看启动菜单项(ks文件和源文件的关联) cobbler distro list 查看安装源文件
关联自定义ks文件，修改ks文件中的设置 
将自定义的应答文件拷贝到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts目录下，并将文件权限修改为644
5、关联应答文件
cobbler profile add --name=Centos-7.6-x86_64_mini --distro=Centos7.6_mini-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks7_mini.cfg
--name为显示在启动菜单中的名字
--distro为安装源文件名字(使用cobbler distro list查看)
--kickstart为与源文件关联的ks文件路径
删除不符合要求的菜单
cobbler profile remove --name=Centos7.6_mini-x86_64
到此已经完成cobbler的设置，测试用一台机器通过网卡启动找到服务器，选择想要安装的系统
如果有什么服务不能用，重启后测试
cobbler web 实现
cobbler 可以通过web界面设置
yum install cobbler-web
重新启动HTTPD服务
systemctl restart httpd
通过浏览器访问：https://ip/cobbler_web 来管理cobbler服务
用户名cobbler,默认密码为cobbler
使用authn_configfiel模块认证cobbler_web用户(默认选项)
用户名密码保存在/etc/cobbler/users.digest 中通过cat命令可以查看
按照下面格式添用户名：其中cobbler1为新添加的用户名，输入两次新密码
[root@CentOS7 ~]#htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler cobbler1
Adding user cobbler1 in realm Cobbler
New password:
Re-type new password: 参数 -c 表示删除已有的第一个用户并新建cobbler1 用于第一次设置用户时使用,后续添加可以不用“-c”
使用authm_pam模块认证cobbler_web用户
vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
修改23行
将module = authn_configfile 修改为moudle = authn_pam
创建cobbler 用户: useradd cobbler2 并设置密码 echo xxx | passwd --stdin cobbler2
可以将cobbler2用户的shell 设置为/sbin/nologin
vim /etc/cobbler/users.conf
修改admin = "" 为admin = "cobbler2"
重启cobbler服务，用cobbler2访问web页面
两种方式在用户不能同时使用，一种生效，别一种就无法登录web页面