Python简单读写Excel (xlwt, xlrd, xlutils)

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf8
####################################################################################
#
#此程序是为了将excel中的一列单元格的中的某些数字不够三位的补零,如cell: abc_12_cd -> abc_012_cd
#涉及读写整个excel表，和改写excel部分单元格的内容
#
####################################################################################


import xlwt #Need install xlwt, create excel and write
import xlrd #Need install xlrd, read excel
from datetime import datetime #date covert
from xlutils.copy import copy #此module是打开excel文件后直接写入要改写cell,need install xlutils(relay on xlwt,xlrd)

style_backGreen_fontBlack_boldYes = xlwt.easyxf('align: horz center; font: name Times New Roman, color-index black, bold on, height 250; pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour light_green; borders: left 1, right 1, top 1, bottom 1;')
style_backGreen_fontBlack_boldYes_header = xlwt.easyxf('align: horz center; font: name Times New Roman, color-index black, bold on, height 300; pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour bright_green; borders: left 1, right 1, top 1, bottom 1;')
style_backYellow_fontBlack_boldNo = xlwt.easyxf('align: horz center; font: name Times New Roman, color-index black, bold off, height 250; pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour light_yellow; borders: left 1, right 1, top 1, bottom 1;')
style_backGray25_fontBlack_boldNo = xlwt.easyxf('align: horz center; font: name Times New Roman, color-index black, bold off, height 250; pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour gray25; borders: left 1, right 1, top 1, bottom 1;')
style_backwhite_fontBlack_boldNo = xlwt.easyxf('align: horz center; font: name Times New Roman, color-index black, bold off, height 250; pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour white; borders: left 1, right 1, top 1, bottom 1;')

def createExcelHandler(sheetName):
    wb = xlwt.Workbook()
    ws = wb.add_sheet(sheetName, cell_overwrite_ok=True)
    return wb, ws

def readXlsAndChange(readFileName, sheetName):
    mWorkBook = xlrd.open_workbook(readFileName, formatting_info = False) #打开一个excel表,并保持格式
    (wb, ws) = createExcelHandler(sheetName) #创建一个excel表，建立一个sheet
    #mSheet = mWorkBook.sheets()[0] #取一个excel表的第一个sheet
    #mRowData = mSheet.row_values(1) #获取一行excel数据
    #mRowDataCell = mRowData[1].split('_') ＃获取第二个cell的值
    
    mSheet = mWorkBook.sheets()[0]
    mStationChange = []
    mStationChange.append('Station')
    for index, station in enumerate(mSheet.col_slice(1, 0, None)): #从第二列，第一行往下读
        #print station
        if index == 0: #第一行保存的是"station"使用split后会造成后续的list range out
            continue
        mStationChange.append(station)
        mStationChangeCell = mStationChange[index].value.encode('utf-8').split('_') #获取单元格的内容 .value.encode('utf-8').split('_')
        #print mStationChangeCell
        mStationChangeCell[2] = mStationChangeCell[2].zfill(3) #29->029
        mStationChange[index] = '_'.join(mStationChangeCell)
        #print mStationChange[index]
    
    for rowIndex, mRowData in enumerate(mSheet.get_rows()):
        #print mRowData
        for colIndex, cellData in enumerate(mRowData):
            if (cellData.ctype == 3): # 日期type为3， ctype :  0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error
                date_value = xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(cellData.value, mWorkBook.datemode)
                #print date_value #(2016, 1, 10, 3, 53, 23)
                date_tmp = datetime(*date_value[:6])             #2016-01-10 03:59:01
                #date_tmp = datetime(*date_value[:6]).isoformat() #2016-01-10T03:59:01
                #print date_tmp
                ws.write(rowIndex, colIndex, date_tmp, style_backwhite_fontBlack_boldNo) #日期不转换的话可以自己使用excel中的日期调节
            elif colIndex == 1:
                ws.write(rowIndex, colIndex, mStationChange[rowIndex], style_backwhite_fontBlack_boldNo)
            else:
                ws.write(rowIndex, colIndex, cellData.value, style_backwhite_fontBlack_boldNo)
    print '/'.join(readFileName.split('/')[0:-1])  + '/new_' + readFileName.split('/')[-1]
    wb.save('/'.join(readFileName.split('/')[0:-1])  + '/new_' + readFileName.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0] + '.xls') #不知为何只能保存.xls格式的excel，xlsx格式创建后打不开
    print "Function readXlsAndChange Done!"

    #print string.zfill(int(mRowData[1].split('_')[2], base=10), 3) #变换为数字

def copyAndRewrite(readFileName):
    mWorkBook = xlrd.open_workbook(readFileName, formatting_info = False) #打开一个excel表,并保持格式
    msheetNo1 = mWorkBook.sheets()[0]
    
    newWorkBook = copy(mWorkBook) #复制一个workbook,是可以重写的
    newSheetNo1 = newWorkBook.get_sheet(0) #得到一个sheet，然后写入指定位置，其它不变
    
    mStationChange = []
    mStationChange.append('Station')
    for index, station in enumerate(msheetNo1.col_slice(1, 0, None)): #从第二列，第一行往下读
        #print station
        if index == 0: #第一行保存的是"station"使用split后会造成后续的list range out
            continue
        mStationChange.append(station)
        mStationChangeCell = mStationChange[index].value.encode('utf-8').split('_') #获取单元格的内容 .value.encode('utf-8').split('_')
        #print mStationChangeCell
        mStationChangeCell[2] = mStationChangeCell[2].zfill(3) #29->029
        mStationChange[index] = '_'.join(mStationChangeCell)
        #print mStationChange[index]
    
    for rowIndex, mCellData in enumerate(mStationChange):
        newSheetNo1.write(rowIndex, 1, mCellData)
    newWorkBook.save('/'.join(readFileName.split('/')[0:-1])  + '/new_' + readFileName.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0] + '.xls') #不知为何只能保存.xls格式的excel，xlsx格式创建后打不开
    print "Function copyAndRewrite Done!"
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    readXlsAndChange("./abc/testZero.xlsx", "Retest_Item")
    #copyAndRewrite("./abc/testZero.xlsx")

原excel:

用函数readXlsAndChange处理后生成新的excel:

用函数copyAndRewrite处理后的excel: