Android详细教程（基础篇）：二十一、View组件高级篇：Menu 菜单组件详解

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请注明出处。作者：杨雄进 https://blog.csdn.net/makyan/article/details/89173333

7.16.Menu(菜单组件)

在一个菜单之中最多只会显示2排3列的菜单项，如果现在的菜单项超出了6，则超出部分会自动的隐藏，而且会自动出现一个“更多”的菜单项提示用户。

在Android中，菜单一共分为三类：选项菜单(OptionMenu)、上下文菜单(ContextMenu)和子菜单(SubMenu)

7.16.1 选项菜单(OptionsMenu)

范例一：通过程序生成选项菜单

配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout      xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:id="@+id/MyLayout"      android:orientation="vertical"      android:layout_width="fill_parent"      android:layout_height="fill_parent">      <TextView           android:id="@+id/txt"           android:layout_width="wrap_content"           android:layout_height="wrap_content"           android:text="按下Menu键出现选项菜单"/> </LinearLayout>

Activity:

package com.makyan.demo; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.widget.Toast; public class OperationsMenuActivity extends Activity {      @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {           super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);           super.setContentView(R.layout.activity_operations_menu);      }      @Override      public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {              // 显示菜单           menu.add(Menu.NONE,                                         // 菜单不分组                     Menu.FIRST + 1,                                        // 菜单项ID                     1,                                                          // 菜单编号                     "删除")                                                     // 显示标题                     .setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_delete);  // 设置图标           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 2, 2, "保存").setIcon(                     android.R.drawable.ic_menu_save);                 // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 3, 3, "帮助").setIcon(                     android.R.drawable.ic_menu_help);                 // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 4, 4, "添加").setIcon(                     android.R.drawable.ic_menu_add);                  // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 5, 5, "详细").setIcon(                     android.R.drawable.ic_menu_info_details);         // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 6, 6, "发送").setIcon(                     android.R.drawable.ic_menu_send);                 // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 7, 7, "编辑").setIcon(                     android.R.drawable.ic_menu_edit);                 // 设置菜单项           return true;                                                     // 菜单显示      }      @Override      public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {        // 选中某个菜单项           switch (item.getItemId()) {                                      // 判断菜单项ID           case Menu.FIRST + 1:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“删除菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 2:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“保存菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 3:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“帮助菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 4:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“添加菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 5:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“详细菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 6:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“发送菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 7:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“设置菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           }           return false;      }      @Override      public void onOptionsMenuClosed(Menu menu) {                 // 菜单退出时调用           Toast.makeText(this, "选项菜单关闭了", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();      }      @Override      public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {             // 菜单显示前调用           Toast.makeText(this,                     "在菜单显示（onCreateOptionsMenu()方法）之前会调用此操作，可以在此操作之中完成一些预处理操作。",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();           return true;                                                // 调用onCreateOptionsMenu()      } }

onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu)在创建菜单前操作，

onOptionsMenuClosed(Menu menu)在关闭菜单后操作

演示效果：

范例二：通过配置生成选项菜单

在创建菜单时，可以使用MenuInflater来获取配置文件填充菜单

getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.operations_menu, menu);

配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout      xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:id="@+id/MyLayout"      android:orientation="vertical"      android:layout_width="fill_parent"      android:layout_height="fill_parent">      <TextView           android:id="@+id/txt"           android:layout_width="wrap_content"           android:layout_height="wrap_content"           android:text="按下Menu键出现选项菜单"/> </LinearLayout>

在res/menu下创建菜单配置operations_menu.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">      <item           android:id="@+id/item01"           android:title="添加"           android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_add" />      <item           android:id="@+id/item02"           android:title="保存"           android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_save" />      <item           android:id="@+id/item03"           android:title="编辑"           android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_edit" />      <item           android:id="@+id/item04"           android:title="详细"           android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_info_details" />      <item           android:id="@+id/item05"           android:title="删除"           android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_delete" />      <item           android:id="@+id/item06"           android:title="发送"           android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_send" />      <item           android:id="@+id/item06"           android:title="帮助"           android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_help" />      <item           android:id="@+id/item07"           android:title="发送"           android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_send" /> </menu>

Activity:

以下代码和以上的Activity程序就只在创建菜单时获取菜单有区别：

package com.makyan.demo; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.widget.Toast; public class OperationsMenuActivity extends Activity {             @Override             public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {                        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);                        super.setContentView(R.layout.activity_operations_menu);             }             @Override             public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {                          // 显示菜单                        super.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.operations_menu, menu); // 填充菜单项                        return true;                                                                                                                        // 菜单显示             }             @Override             public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {                   // 选中某个菜单项                        switch (item.getItemId()) {                                                                                    // 判断菜单项ID                        case Menu.FIRST + 1:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“删除菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 2:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“保存菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 3:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“帮助菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 4:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“添加菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 5:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“详细菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 6:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“发送菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 7:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“设置菜单”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        }                        return false;             }             @Override             public void onOptionsMenuClosed(Menu menu) {                                            // 菜单退出时调用                        Toast.makeText(this, "选项菜单关闭了", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();             }             @Override             public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {                       // 菜单显示前调用                        Toast.makeText(this,                                                "在菜单显示（onCreateOptionsMenu()方法）之前会调用此操作，可以在此操作之中完成一些预处理操作。",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                        return true;                                                                                                            // 调用onCreateOptionsMenu()             } }

7.16.2 上下文菜单(ContextMenu)

范例一：通过程序获取上下文菜单

创建菜单、关闭、创建菜单前的操作跟选项菜单没有区别，区别在于，需要一个组件，并将数据设置在组件的适配器中，并对此组件进行注册：

Activity:

package com.makyan.demo; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.ContextMenu; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Toast; public class ContextMenuActivity extends Activity {      private String data[] = { "杨雄工作室", "www.makyanjava.cn", "讲师：杨雄进",                "中国高校讲课联盟", "www. makyanjava.com"};                        // 定义显示的数据      private ListView listView;                                             // 定义ListView组件      @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {           super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);           listView = new ListView(this) ;                             // 实例化组件           listView.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,           // 将数据包装                     android.R.layout.simple_expandable_list_item_1,    // 每行显示一条数据                     this.data));                                                // 设置组件内容           super.setContentView(this.listView);                              // 将组件添加到屏幕之中           super.registerForContextMenu(this.listView) ;                // 注册上下文菜单      }      @Override      public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {                                                                          // 显示菜单           super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo) ;           menu.setHeaderTitle("信息操作") ;                                 // 设置显示信息头           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 1, 1, "添加联系人");        // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 2, 2, "查看详情");          // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 3, 3, "删除信息");               // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 4, 4, "另存为");            // 设置菜单项           menu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 5, 5, "编辑");                   // 设置菜单项      }      @Override      public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) {             // 选中某个菜单项           switch (item.getItemId()) {                                           // 判断菜单项ID           case Menu.FIRST + 1:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“添加联系人”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 2:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“查看详情”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 3:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“删除信息”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 4:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“另存为”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 5:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“编辑”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           }           return false;      }      @Override      public void onContextMenuClosed(Menu menu) {                      // 菜单退出时调用           Toast.makeText(this, "上下文菜单关闭了", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();      } }

演示效果就不贴了，很简单。

长按ListView中的某一项后，

范例二：通过配置来设置上下文菜单：

同样的道理，在创建菜单时，可以使用MenuInflater来获取配置文件填充菜单

在res/menu下创建菜单文件context_menu.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">      <item           android:id="@+id/item01"           android:title="添加联系人"/>      <item           android:id="@+id/item02"           android:title="查看详情"/>      <item           android:id="@+id/item03"           android:title="删除信息"/>      <item           android:id="@+id/item04"           android:title="另存为"/>      <item           android:id="@+id/item05"           android:title="编辑"/> </menu>

Activity程序：

package com.makyan.demo; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.ContextMenu; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Toast; public class ContextMenuActivity extends Activity {             private String data[] = { "杨雄工作室", "www.makyanjava.cn", "讲师：杨雄进",                                    "中国高校讲课联盟", "www.makyanjava.com"};                                                    // 定义显示的数据             private ListView listView;                                                                                                // 定义ListView组件             @Override             public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {                        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);                        this.listView = new ListView(this) ;                                                           // 实例化组件                        listView.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,                            // 将数据包装                                                android.R.layout.simple_expandable_list_item_1,        // 每行显示一条数据                                                this.data));                                                                                                              // 设置组件内容                        super.setContentView(this.listView);                                                                  // 将组件添加到屏幕之中                        super.registerForContextMenu(this.listView) ;                                       // 注册上下文菜单             }             @Override             public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {                                                                                                                                                                       // 显示菜单                         super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo) ;                        menu.setHeaderTitle("信息操作") ;                                                                             // 设置显示信息头                        super.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.context_menu, menu);                  // 填充菜单项             }             @Override             public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) {                               // 选中某个菜单项                        switch (item.getItemId()) {                                                                                                // 判断菜单项ID                        case Menu.FIRST + 1:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“添加联系人”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 2:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“查看详情”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 3:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“删除信息”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 4:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“另存为”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 5:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“编辑”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        }                        return false;             }             @Override             public void onContextMenuClosed(Menu menu) {                                                        // 菜单退出时调用                        Toast.makeText(this, "上下文菜单关闭了", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();             } }

7.16.3 子菜单(SubMenu)

范例一：为每个菜单定义多个子菜单

Activity:

package com.makyan.demo; import android.app.Activity; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.SubMenu; import android.widget.Toast; public class SubMenuActivity extends Activity {             @Override             public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {                          // 显示菜单                        SubMenu fileMenu = menu.addSubMenu("文件");                                          // 菜单                        SubMenu editMenu = menu.addSubMenu("编辑");                                         // 菜单                        fileMenu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 1, 1, "新建") ;          // 子菜单项                        fileMenu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 2, 2, "打开") ;          // 子菜单项                        fileMenu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 3, 3, "保存") ;          // 子菜单项                        editMenu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 4, 4, "撤消");                     // 子菜单项                        editMenu.add(Menu.NONE, Menu.FIRST + 5, 5, "恢复");                     // 子菜单项                        return true ;             }             @Override             public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {                   // 选中某个菜单项                        switch (item.getItemId()) {                                                                                    // 判断菜单项ID                        case Menu.FIRST + 1:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“添加联系人”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 2:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“查看详情”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 3:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“删除信息”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 4:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“另存为”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        case Menu.FIRST + 5:                                    Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“编辑”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                                    break;                        }                        return false;             } }

范例二：通过配置获取子菜单选项

同样的道理，在创建菜单时，可以使用MenuInflater来获取配置文件填充菜单

配置：

Res/menu/editmenu.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">      <item android:id="@+id/item04" android:title="撤消" />      <item android:id="@+id/item05" android:title="恢复" /> </menu>

Res/menu/filemenu.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">      <item android:id="@+id/item01" android:title="新建"/>      <item android:id="@+id/item02" android:title="打开" />      <item android:id="@+id/item03" android:title="保存" /> </menu>

Activity:

package com.makyan.demo; import android.app.Activity; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.SubMenu; import android.widget.Toast; public class SubMenuActivity extends Activity {      @Override      public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {              // 显示菜单           SubMenu fileMenu = menu.addSubMenu("文件");                  // 子菜单           SubMenu editMenu = menu.addSubMenu("编辑");                  // 子菜单           super.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.filemenu, fileMenu) ;      // 设置菜单项           super.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.editmenu, editMenu) ;      // 设置菜单项           return true ;      }      @Override      public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {        // 选中某个菜单项           switch (item.getItemId()) {                                      // 判断菜单项ID           case Menu.FIRST + 1:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“添加联系人”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 2:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“查看详情”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 3:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“删除信息”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 4:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“另存为”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           case Menu.FIRST + 5:                Toast.makeText(this, "您选择的是“编辑”项。", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                break;           }           return false;      } }

演示效果同上