Oracle DataBase 编码格式

一、客户端字符集

格式:NLS_LANG=language_territory.charset

Language: 指定服务器消息的语言, 影响提示信息是中文还是英文

Territory: 指定服务器的日期和数字格式

Charset:  指定字符集

如:SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

Linux 环境

# 查看系统编码
locale

# 临时设置系统编码
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"

# 临时设置 Oracle 客户端字符集,与系统编码一致
export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8

二、服务端字符集

常用字符集

ZHS16GBK:存储中国人常用的字符

UTF8:unicode字符集,存储全世界的字符,只是不全

AL32UTF8:unicode字符集,比UTF8大多了,unicode字符集使用它,全但性能较差

以 sys 身份登录进行修改

-- 查看当前字符集
select * from v$nls_parameters where parameter = 'NLS_CHARACTERSET';
SELECT USERENV('language') FROM DUAL;
SELECT parameter, value FROM v$nls_parameters WHERE parameter LIKE '%CHARACTERSET';

-- 关闭 database
shutdown immediate;

-- 以启动数据库到 mount 状态下
startup mount;

-- 设置session
ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=TRUE;
ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

-- 启动 database
alter database open;

-- 修改字符集
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;
-- 强制修改字符集
ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE AL32UTF8;

-- 关闭 database
shutdown immediate;

-- 重启
startup;

三、常见的locale ID与字符集名称的对应关系,服务端设置的是Locale  ID,客户端设置的是NLS_LANG

Language

Locale ID

NLS_LANG

English (American)

en_US.UTF-8

AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

English (American)

en_US.ISO-8859-1

AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1

English (American)

en_US.ISO-8859-15

AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P15

English (Australian)

en_AU.UTF-8

ENGLISH_AUSTRALIA.AL32UTF8

English (Australian)

en_AU.ISO-8859-1

ENGLISH_AUSTRALIA.WE8ISO8859P1

English (Australian)

en_AU.ISO-8859-15

ENGLISH_AUSTRALIA.WE8ISO8859P15

English (British)

en_GB.UTF-8

ENGLISH_UNITED KINGDOM.AL32UTF8

English (British)

en_GB.ISO-8859-1

ENGLISH_UNITED KINGDOM.WE8ISO8859P1

English (British)

en_GB.ISO-8859-15

ENGLISH_UNITEDKINGDOM.WE8ISO8859P15

English (Ireland)

en_IE.UTF-8

ENGLISH_IRELAND.AL32UTF8

English (Ireland)

en_IE.ISO-8859-1

ENGLISH_IRELAND.WE8ISO8859P1

English (Ireland)

en_IE.ISO-8859-15

ENGLISH_IRELAND.WE8ISO8859P15

German

de_DE.UTF-8

GERMAN_GERMANY.AL32UTF8

German

de_DE.ISO-8859-1

GERMAN_GERMANY.WE8ISO8859P1

German

de_DE.ISO-8859-15

GERMAN_GERMANY.WE8ISO8859P15

French

fr_FR.UTF-8

FRENCH_FRANCE.AL32UTF8

French

fr_FR.ISO-8859-1

FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8ISO8859P1

French

fr_FR.ISO-8859-15

FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8ISO8859P15

Italian

it_IT.UTF-8

ITALIAN_ITALY.AL32UTF8

Italian

it_IT.ISO-8859-1

ITALIAN_ITALY.WE8ISO8859P1

Italian

it_IT.ISO-8859-15

ITALIAN_ITALY.WE8ISO8859P15

Spanish

es_ES.UTF-8

SPANISH_SPAIN.AL32UTF8

Spanish

es_ES.ISO-8859-1

SPANISH_SPAIN.WE8ISO8859P1

Spanish

es_ES.ISO-8859-15

SPANISH_SPAIN.WE8ISO8859P15

Spanish (Mexico)

es_MX.UTF-8

MEXICAN SPANISH_MEXICO.AL32UTF8

Spanish (Mexico)

es_MX.ISO-8859-1

MEXICAN SPANISH_MEXICO.WE8ISO8859P1

Spanish (Mexico)

es_MX.ISO-8859-15

MEXICANSPANISH_MEXICO.WE8ISO8859P15

Portuguese (Brazilian)

pt_BR.UTF-8

BRAZILIANPORTUGUESE_BRAZIL.AL32UTF8

Portuguese (Brazilian)

pt_BR.ISO-8859-1

BRAZILIANPORTUGUESE_BRAZIL.WE8ISO8859P1

Portuguese (Brazilian)

pt_BR.ISO-8859-15

BRAZILIANPORTUGUESE_BRAZIL.WE8ISO8859P15

Japanese

ja_JP.EUC-JP

JAPANESE_JAPAN.JA16EUC

Japanese

ja_JP.UTF-8

JAPANESE_JAPAN.AL32UTF8

Korean

ko_KR.EUC-KR

KOREAN_KOREA.KO16KSC5601

Korean

ko_KR.UTF-8

KOREAN_KOREA.AL32UTF8

Chinese (simplified)

zh_CN.GB18030

SIMPLIFIEDCHINESE_CHINA.ZHS32GB18030

Chinese (simplified)

zh_CN.UTF-8

SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8

Chinese (traditional)

zh_TW.BIG5

TRADITIONALCHINESE_TAIWAN.ZHT16BIG5

Chinese (traditional)

zh_TW.UTF-8

TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/jhxxb/p/10647723.html
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