KVM虚拟化安装步骤：

准备服务器：

192.168.1.X 安装路径：

1、程序：路径/var/www

数据库：路径/usr/local/application

虚拟机存放：路径/data

一、首先要安装KVM虚拟化环境

1、安装虚拟机：

1）修改内核模式为兼容内核启动

[root@ops ~]# uname -a

Linux openstack 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@ops ~]#vim /boot/grub/grub.conf

......

default=1　　　　　#由默认的0改为1，内核兼容模式

2）关闭selinux，重启后生效

[root@ops ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

......

SELINUX=disabled

[root@ops ~]#setenforce 0

setenforce: SELinux is disabled

[root@ops ~]#getenforce

Disabled

3）关闭防火墙

[root@ops ~]#chkconfig ip6tables off

[root@ops ~]#chkconfig iptables off

4）重启

[root@ops ~]#reboot

虚拟化环境配置

1）查看是否支持虚拟机

说明1:半虚拟化是不能运行与安装KVM虚拟机的。

[root@ops ~]#egrep '(vmx|svm)' --color=always /proc/cpuinfo

2）配置yum环境，确认yum源是好使的。（这一步骤省略，可以用默认yum源，也可以换用163或阿里的yum源，只要能正常使用就行）

3）安装kvm软件包

[root@ops ~]#yum -y install kvm python-virtinst libvirt tunctl bridge-utils virt-manager qemu-kvm-tools virt-viewer virt-v2v

补充安装kvm虚拟化一些管理工具包

[root@ops ~]#yum -y install libguestfs-tools

---------------------------------------如果是centos7，操作如下---------------------------------------

yum install qemu-kvm libvirt libvirt-python libguestfs-tools virt-install virt-manager python-virtinst libvirt-client virt-viewer

systemctl enable libvirtd && systemctl start libvirtd

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

查看虚拟化环境

1）查看虚拟机环境

[root@ops ~]# /etc/init.d/libvirtd restart

Stopping libvirtd daemon: [ OK ]

Starting libvirtd daemon: [ OK ]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

启动的时候报错如下:

Starting libvirtd daemon: libvirtd: relocation error: libvirtd: symbol dm_task_get_info_with_deferred_remove, version Base not defined in file libdevmapper.so.1.02 with link time reference [FAILED]

解决办法：

yum upgrade device-mapper-libs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@ops ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list

Id Name State

HWADDR=44:A8:42:21:A6:01

TYPE=Bridge

UUID=6dbfbd49-b6b9-4c51-b2d2-b3ecbead82e9

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.1.17

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

NM_CONTROLLED=no

BOOTPROTO=static

2）查看kvm模块支持

[root@ops ~]# lsmod |grep kvm

kvm_intel 54285 0

kvm 333172 1 kvm_intel

3）查看虚拟工具版本

[root@ops ~]# virsh --version

0.10.2

[root@ops ~]# virt-install --version

0.600.0

[root@ops ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm

手动配置虚拟网桥

1）关闭networkmanager服务

[root@ops ~]# chkconfig NetWorkManager off

[root@ops ~]# /etc/init.d/NetWorkManager stop

2）创建br0网桥

[root@ops ~]#cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[root@ops ~]#cp ifcfg-enp2s0f0 ifcfg-br0

[root@ops ~]# cat ifcfg-enp2s0f0

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=static

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=enp2s0f0

UUID=32bd8cb0-4705-4685-9c69-8c5725d346cc

DEVICE=enp2s0f0

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.1.20

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

DNS1=114.114.114.114

DNS2=222.246.129.80

NM_CONTROLLED=no

BRIDGE=br0

[root@ops ~]# cat ifcfg-br0

TYPE=Bridge

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=static

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=enp2s0f0

UUID=32bd8cb0-4705-4685-9c69-8c5725d346cc

DEVICE=enp2s0f0

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.1.20

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

DNS1=114.114.114.114

DNS2=222.246.129.80

NM_CONTROLLED=no

DEVICE=br0

3）关闭了networkmanager服务之后，才能通过重启网卡服务管理网络。

[root@ops ~]# service network restart

4）查看网桥br0信息

[root@ops ~]# ifconfig

5）查看网桥

[root@ops ~]# brctl show

bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces

br0 8000.44a84221a601 no em2

virbr0 8000.5254005f95b7 yes virbr0-nic

到此kvm虚拟化环境安装完毕。

一、Kvm的管理工具webvirtmgr安装和使用

WebVirtMgr采用几乎纯Python开发，其前端是基于Python的Django，后端是基于Libvirt的Python接口，将日常kvm的管理操作变的更加的可视化。

WebVirtMgr特点：

操作简单，易于使用

通过libvirt的API接口对kvm进行管理

提供对虚拟机生命周期管理

WebVirtMgr 功能

宿主机管理支持以下功能

CPU利用率

内存利用率

网络资源池管理

存储资源池管理

虚拟机镜像

虚拟机克隆

快照管理

日志管理

虚机迁移

虚拟机管理支持以下功能

CPU利用率

内存利用率

光盘管理

关/开/暂停虚拟机

安装虚拟机

VNC console连接

创建快照

系统环境：

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

1、yum源的配置及安装所需软件包

yum -y install http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-8.noarch.rpm

yum -y install Git Python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx

yum -y install gcc python-devel

pip install numpy

2、下载webvirtmgr.git软件

mkdir /application/

cd /application/

git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git

git clone https://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git

3、数据库安装

cd /application/

wget http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-3.5.6.tar.gz

cd sqlite-3.5.6/

./configure --disable-tcl

make

make install

4、webvirtmgr安装

cd /application/webvirtmgr

pip install -r requirements.txt

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

./manage.py syncdb

WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.

Creating tables ...

Creating table auth_permission

Creating table auth_group_permissions

Creating table auth_group

Creating table auth_user_groups

Creating table auth_user_user_permissions

Creating table auth_user

Creating table django_content_type

Creating table django_session

Creating table django_site

Creating table servers_compute

Creating table instance_instance

Creating table create_flavor

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.

Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes

Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin

Email address: [email protected]

Password: 123456

Password (again): 123456

Superuser created successfully.

Installing custom SQL ...

Installing indexes ...

Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

./manage.py collectstatic

WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.

You have requested to collect static files at the destination

location as specified in your settings.

This will overwrite existing files!

Are you sure you want to do this?

Type 'yes' to continue, or 'no' to cancel: yes

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/css/bootstrap-multiselect.css'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/css/bootstrap.min.css'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/css/signin.css'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/css/table-sort.css'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/css/webvirtmgr.css'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/img/asc.gif'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/img/bg.gif'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/img/desc.gif'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/img/favicon.ico'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/Chart.min.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/bootstrap-multiselect.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/bootstrap.min.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/infrastructure.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/jQuery-1.10.2.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/jquery-migrate-1.2.1.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/jquery.tablesorter.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/Orbitron700.ttf'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/Orbitron700.woff'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/base.css'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/base64.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/black.css'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/blue.css'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/des.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/display.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/input.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/jsunzip.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/logo.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/playback.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/rfb.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/ui.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/util.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/websock.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/webutil.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/chrome-app/tcp-client.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/web-socket-js/README.txt'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/web-socket-js/WebSocketMain.swf'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/web-socket-js/swfobject.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/novnc/web-socket-js/web_socket.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-HTML5/atKeynames.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-Html5/bitmap.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/cursor.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/display.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/enums.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/filexfer.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/inputs.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/jsbn.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/lz.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/main.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/playback.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/png.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/prng4.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/quic.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/resize.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/rng.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/rsa.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/sha1.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/simulatecursor.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/spicearraybuffer.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/spiceconn.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/spicedataview.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/spicemsg.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/spicetype.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/ticket.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/utils.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/webm.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/wire.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/thirdparty/jsbn.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/thirdparty/prng4.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/thirdparty/rng.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/thirdparty/rsa.js'

Copying '/application/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr/static/js/spice-html5/thirdparty/sha1.js'

75 static files copied.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

./manage.py createsuperuser

WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.

Username (leave blank to use 'root'): mgruser

Email address: [email protected]

Password: 123456

Password (again): 123456

Superuser created successfully.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5、webvirtmgr配置

mkdir -pv /var/www

cp -Rv /application/webvirtmgr /var/www/webvirtmgr

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf

server {

listen 80 default_server;

server_name $hostname;

#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;

location /static/ {

root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr; # or /srv instead of /var

expires max;

}

location / {

proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;

proxy_connect_timeout 600;

proxy_read_timeout 600;

proxy_send_timeout 600;

client_max_body_size 1024M; # Set higher depending on your needs

}

chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr

vim /etc/supervisord.conf

[program:webvirtmgr]

command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py #启动8000端口

directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr

autostart=true

autorestart=true

logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log

log_stderr=true

user=nginx

[program:webvirtmgr-console]

command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console #启动6080端口（这是控制台vnc端口）

directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr

autostart=true

autorestart=true

stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log

redirect_stderr=true

user=nginx

确保下面bind绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口

grep '^bind =' /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py

bind = '127.0.0.1:8000'

systemctl restart nginx.service

Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

注释掉39行

39 # listen 80 default_server;

systemctl restart nginx.service

systemctl start supervisord.service

后台执行

nohup /usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py &

三、KVM WEB管理工具——WebVirtMgr（二）日常配置

1、登录WebVirtMgr管理平台

2、添加宿主机

选择首页的WebVirtMgr -->Addd Connection

选择“SSH链接“，设置Label，IP，用户

注意：Label与IP要相同

虚机部署

1、创建存储池

点击前面创建的宿主机，进入虚拟机部署界面

点击“存储池”按钮，创建存储池（即创建磁盘镜像存放的位置）

注意：

创建存储池时,首先要在宿主机上创建一个目录，然后在”路径“设置栏中添加该目录

例：mkdir /home/kvm/teststorage -p

2、添加磁盘镜像

创建完成后如下：

3、宿主机网卡的桥接模式设置

4、创建网络池

5、创建虚机

选择“custom install”用户自定义创建虚机

6、虚机挂载ISO镜像

7、启动虚机

点击“启动”按钮后，打开虚机电源。

点击控制台按钮，进入操作系统安装界面

8、虚机IP地址设置

当虚机安装完成后，给虚机设置静态IP地址

例：[root@vmtest01~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

TYPE=Ethernet

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=no

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=172.16.1.199

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=172.16.1.1

DNS1=172.16.1.1

webvirtmgr克隆虚机操作

1、关闭正在运行的虚机

2、进入虚机配置界面，在克隆配置项，为新的虚机的“名字”，“MAC地址”，“磁盘镜像”进行设置

3、启动虚机，进入系统，对/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 文件做如下修改

修改后

4、编辑/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 修改虚机的网卡配置，为虚机分配新的IP地址

5、重启系统使网卡重新注册，让配置生效

reboot

webvirtmgr虚机磁盘扩容（新增磁盘）

1 关闭虚机

2 对虚机的xml文件的disk域添加如下代码

场景一：新增一块磁盘

<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/> ---添加改行代码找到新增磁盘格式

<source file='/home/kvm/teststorage/entd01.img'/> --指定新增磁盘路径

<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> --指定磁盘设备名称，和传输总线类型

</disk>

场景二：新增多块磁盘

已新增两块盘为例:

</disk>

</disk>

3 启动虚机，然后在虚机系统内部对磁盘进行格式化，分区等操作。

报错问题：

打开后，有报错！看来在上面使用ssh连接的配置环节有误所致！

解决措施：

1)在webvirtmgr服务器（服务端）上（这里kvm和WebVirtMgr部署在同一台机器上）创建nginx用户家目录（默认nginx服务安装时是没有nginx家目录的），生成nginx的公私钥

[root@openstack ops]# cd /home/

[root@openstack home]# mkdir nginx

[root@openstack home]# chown nginx.nginx nginx/

[root@openstack home]# chmod 700 nginx/ -R

[root@openstack home]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash

-bash-4.1$ ssh-keygen #期间输入yes后直接回车，回车

-bash-4.1$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config

-bash-4.1$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config

2)在webvirtmgr服务器（服务端）上（这里kvm和WebVirtMgr部署在同一台机器上），将nginx用户的ssh-key上传到kvm服务器上（这里kvm和WebVirtMgr部署在同一台机器上）

[root@openstack ops]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash

-bash-4.1$ ssh-copy-id [email protected]

Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.17' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

[email protected]'s password: #输入192.168.1.17即本机的root账号

Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '[email protected]'", and check in:

.ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

这里采用的是root用户，如果采用其他用户，比如上面假设的webvirtmgr用户，操作如下:

[root@openstack ops]#su - nginx -s /bin/bash

-bash-4.1$ssh-copy-id [email protected]

KVM虚拟化安装步骤：

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