使用netty编写IM通信界面

前驱知识

WebSocket

维基百科:
WebSocket是一种在单个TCP连接上进行全双工通信的协议。WebSocket通信协议于2011年被IETF定为标准RFC 6455,并由RFC7936补充规范。WebSocket API也被W3C定为标准。

WebSocket使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据。在WebSocket API中,浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接,并进行双向数据传输。

添加maven依赖

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>8</source>
                    <target>8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.25.Final</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

编写代码

Chat处理器

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

/**
 * @author: Tu9ohost
 * 处理消息的handler
 * TextWebSocketFrame: 在netty中,是用于为websocket专门处理文本的对象,frame是消息的载体
 */
public class ChatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {

    // 用于记录和管理所有客户端的channle
    private static ChannelGroup clients =
            new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg)
            throws Exception {
        // 获取客户端传输过来的消息
        String content = msg.text();
        System.out.println("接受到的数据:" + content);

//      for (Channel channel: clients) {
//          channel.writeAndFlush(
//              new TextWebSocketFrame(
//                      "[服务器在]" + LocalDateTime.now()
//                      + "接受到消息, 消息为:" + content));
//      }
        // 下面这个方法,和上面的for循环,一致
        clients.writeAndFlush(
                new TextWebSocketFrame(
                        "[服务器在]" + LocalDateTime.now()
                                + "接受到消息, 消息为:" + content));

    }

    /**
     * 当客户端连接服务端之后(打开连接)
     * 获取客户端的channle,并且放到ChannelGroup中去进行管理
     */
    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        clients.add(ctx.channel());
    }

    @Override
    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        // 当触发handlerRemoved,ChannelGroup会自动移除对应客户端的channel
//      clients.remove(ctx.channel());
        System.out.println("客户端断开,channle对应的长id为:"
                + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
        System.out.println("客户端断开,channle对应的短id为:"
                + ctx.channel().id().asShortText());
    }
}

编写服务初始化

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;

/**
 * @author: Tu9ohost
 */
public class WSServerInitiazer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        // websocket 基于http协议,所以要有http编解码器
        pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
        // 对写大数据流的支持
        pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
        // 对httpMessage进行聚合,聚合成FullHttpRequest或FullHttpResponse
        // 几乎在netty中的编程,都会使用到此hanler
        pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024*64));

        // ====================== 以上是用于支持http协议    ======================

        // ====================== 以下是支持httpWebsocket ======================

        /**
         * websocket 服务器处理的协议,用于指定给客户端连接访问的路由 : /ws
         * 本handler会帮你处理一些繁重的复杂的事
         * 会帮你处理握手动作: handshaking(close, ping, pong) ping + pong = 心跳
         * 对于websocket来讲,都是以frames进行传输的,不同的数据类型对应的frames也不同
         */
        pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));

        // 自定义的handler
        pipeline.addLast(new ChatHandler());
    }
}

主方法

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

/**
 * @author: Tu9ohost
 */
public class WSServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        EventLoopGroup mainGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup subGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap();
            server.group(mainGroup, subGroup)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .childHandler(new WSServerInitiazer());

            // 定义了端口为8088
            ChannelFuture future = server.bind(8088).sync();

            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            mainGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            subGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

编写界面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <title></title>
    </head>
    <body>
        
        <div>发送消息:</div>
        <input type="text" id="msgContent"/>
        <input type="button" value="点我发送" onclick="CHAT.chat()"/>
        
        <div>接受消息:</div>
        <div id="receiveMsg" style="background-color: gainsboro;"></div>
        
        <script type="application/javascript">
            
            window.CHAT = {
                socket: null,
                init: function() {
                    if (window.WebSocket) {
                        CHAT.socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8088/ws");
                        CHAT.socket.onopen = function() {
                            console.log("连接建立成功...");
                        },
                        CHAT.socket.onclose = function() {
                            console.log("连接关闭...");
                        },
                        CHAT.socket.onerror = function() {
                            console.log("发生错误...");
                        },
                        CHAT.socket.onmessage = function(e) {
                            console.log("接受到消息:" + e.data);
                            var receiveMsg = document.getElementById("receiveMsg");
                            var html = receiveMsg.innerHTML;
                            receiveMsg.innerHTML = html + "<br/>" + e.data;
                        }
                    } else {
                        alert("浏览器不支持websocket协议...");
                    }
                },
                chat: function() {
                    var msg = document.getElementById("msgContent");
                    CHAT.socket.send(msg.value);
                }
            };
            
            CHAT.init();
            
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

检验

首先运行主方法,再打开界面,按F12,会显式链接建立成功

随意编写,再点击点我发送

服务端显式

关闭界面窗口,则会显式断开链接id

猜你喜欢

转载自www.cnblogs.com/Tu9oh0st/p/10634385.html
今日推荐