Supercapacitor also called Electrochemcial Capacitor , farad capacitors, gold capacitor; Including electric double layer capacitor and Electrochemical pseudocapacitor, energy storage by polarization electrolyte. It is an electrochemical element, but there is no chemical reaction in the process of energy storage. This energy storage process is reversible, which is also because the supercapacitor can be repeatedly charged and discharged hundreds of thousands of times. Super capacitor can be seen as two are suspended in the electrolyte without reactivity of the porous plate electrode, on the plate, electric, positive plate attract negative ions in the electrolyte, negative plate attract positive ions, actually formed two capacitive storage layer, near by separation of positive ions in the negative plate, negative ions near the positive plate.
It formed by the electric double layer and traditional capacitor of the dielectric in electric field under the action of the polarization charge similar, resulting in a capacitance effect, closely similar to electric double layer plate condenser, however, due to the tight charge layer spacing than ordinary capacitor charge is much smaller, the distance between layers, thus has greater capacity than the general capacitor.
Compared with aluminum electrolytic capacitors, double-layer capacitors have higher internal resistance, so they can be directly charged without load resistance. In case of over-voltage charging, double-layer capacitors will open the circuit without damaging the device, which is different from the over-voltage breakdown of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. At the same time, compared with rechargeable batteries, electric double layer capacitors can be unlimited flow charging, and charging times can reach more than 10 ^ 6 times, so the electric double layer capacitor not only have the characteristics of the capacitance, as well as the battery characteristics, is a kind of new special components between the battery and capacitor.
