一、查看linux中有没有安装自带的mysql数据库， 如果安装了自带的mysql，则需要卸载
[root@www ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql # 查看系统中有没有安装过mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
[root@www ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs # 卸载 安装过的mysql-lib
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
........此处卸载内容省略............
Removed:
mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6
Dependency Removed:
cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6 cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6
postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-22.el6
Complete!
[root@www ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql # 再次查询看看有没有卸载干净
[root@www ~]# 二、下载mysql软件包（这里用的是mysql 5.5 版本）
下载地址：
三、将软件包上传到 linux 系统的 /opt 目录下
[root@www opt]# ls
MySQL-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar rh
[root@www opt]#四、解压 MySQL-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 文件
[root@www opt]# tar -xvf MySQL-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar # 解压 压缩文件
MySQL-client-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-test-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-embedded-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
[root@www opt]# ls # 查看解压后的情况
MySQL-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar MySQL-shared-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-client-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm MySQL-test-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-embedded-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm rh
MySQL-server-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm
[root@www opt]# 五、在/opt 目录下安装 mysql的server端, 使用命令 yum -y install 包名
root@www opt]# yum -y install MySQL-server-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm #安装服务端
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
.............. 此处省略输出信息....................
Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
Verifying : MySQL-server-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
MySQL-server.x86_64 0:5.5.48-1.linux2.6
Complete! # 安装成功
[root@www opt]#
六、安装 mysql的client端
[root@www opt]# yum -y install MySQL-client-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm # 安装 client端
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Setting up Install Process
Examining MySQL-client-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm: MySQL-client-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64
.........................此处省略中间输出信息.......................
Running Transaction
Installing : MySQL-client-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : MySQL-client-5.5.48-1.linux2.6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
MySQL-client.x86_64 0:5.5.48-1.linux2.6
Complete! # 安装完成
[root@www opt]# 七、检查 安装mysql后, 系统中是否添加了mysql的用户和组
[root@www opt]# grep mysql /etc/passwd
mysql:x:496:493:MySQL server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
[root@www opt]# grep mysql /etc/group
mysql:x:493:
[root@www opt]#
八、检查mysql服务是否启动， 如果没启动，则开启mysql服务
[root@www opt]# service mysql status # 通过service 服务的方式查看 mysql 状态
ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@www opt]# /etc/init.d/mysql status # 通过脚本 方式查看 mysql 状态
ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@www opt]# ps -ef | grep mysql # 通过查看进程的方式，来判断 mysql 是否开启
root 2274 2025 0 22:08 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@www opt]#
[root@www opt]# service mysql start # 启动 mysql 服务
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
[root@www opt]#
[root@www opt]# service mysql status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (2381)
[root@www opt]# /etc/init.d/mysql status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (2381)
[root@www opt]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 2288 1 0 22:09 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/www.pid
mysql 2381 2288 6 22:09 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/www.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/www.pid
root 2422 2025 0 22:09 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@www opt]# 九、设置 mysql 服务开机自启
[root@www opt]# chkconfig --list mysql # 查看 mysql 服务开机自启情况
mysql 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
[root@www opt]# chkconfig mysql on # 将 mysql 服务设置为开机自启
[root@www opt]# chkconfig --list mysql
mysql 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
[root@www opt]# 十、查看 mysql 服务监听端口
[root@www opt]# netstat -anpt | grep mysql # 3306 端口为 mysql 服务的默认端口号
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2381/mysqld
[root@www opt]#
十一、刚装好的 mysql 服务在登录的时候是不需要密码的
[root@www opt]# mysql # 刚装完 mysql 软件, 没有设置密码的时候, 不需要密码就能登录
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.48 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases; # 显示当前 数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit # quit 退出
Bye
[root@www opt]# 十二、 为 mysql 服务器 root管理员 设置登录密码
[root@www opt]# mysql # 使用 mysql 命令连接到本地 mysql 服务器
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.48 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost'=PASSWORD('abc123456'); # 设置 root 用户的密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit # 退出 mysql 客户端
Bye
[root@www opt]# mysql # 再次使用 mysql 命令时, 提示要输入用户名和密码
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
十三、登录 以root 用户登录 mysql 服务器
[root@www opt]# mysql -u root -pabc123456 # -u 指定登录用户名, -p指定密码,可以直接跟上密码. 相当于 先执行 mysql -u root -p 然后再输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 18
Server version: 5.5.48 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
十四、 字符集的设置
查看当前字符集：
[root@www opt]# mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -pabc123456 # 登录 mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 19
Server version: 5.5.48 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like '%char%'; # 查看 mysql 字符集
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 | # 需要将 "latin1"改为 "uft-8"
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
修改字符集：
[root@www opt]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf # 1.将mysql出厂默认的配置文件拷贝一份
[root@www opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf # 编辑 my.cnf 配置文件
[root@www opt]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep -v ^#
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8 # 在 [client]下添加 default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld] # 在[mysqld]下添加
character-set-server=utf8 # character-set-server=utf8
character-set-client=utf8 # character-set-client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci # collation-server=utf8_general_ci
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 384M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
thread_concurrency = 8
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8 # 在[mysql]下添加default-character-set=utf8
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[root@www opt]#再次查看修改后mysql系统中的字符集信息
[root@www opt]# service mysql restart # 上一步修改了配置文件, 所以需要重启服务
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@www opt]#
[root@www opt]# mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -pabc123456 # 登录 mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.48-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> show variables like '%char%'; # 显示当前 mysql 数据库使用的字符集信息
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>