Android Firebase入门到精通之五：Cloud Message(云消息) 的集成与开发

项目源码请移步：https://github.com/caobaokang419/FirebaseApp（欢迎Github Fork&Star，如有描述错误的地方，请帮忙指正），谢谢！

一、概念阐述：

Firebase Cloud Messaging (云消息)：FCM是一种跨平台消息传递解决方案，您可以使用它免费且可靠地传递消息和通知（每条消息不能超过4KB）。

二、云消息的集成说明：

Cloud Message(云消息) ：需自备梯子

三、代码汉化说明：

1. project build.gradle 添加：

implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-iid:17.0.4'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:17.3.4'
implementation 'com.firebase:firebase-jobdispatcher:0.8.5'

2. AndroidManifest.xml 添加（Firebase后台配置云消息，应用侧负责消息处理）：

<!--
    APP处于前台时：可以在FCMessagingService.onMessageReceived（）全权处理消息如自定义notification : large_icon , small_icon , color .
    APP处于后台时：由系统通知处理这部分显示，只可以在Manifest定义 : icon、color-->
<meta-data
    android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.default_notification_icon"
    android:resource="@drawable/ic_stat_ic_notification" />
<meta-data
    android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.default_notification_color"
    android:resource="@color/colorAccent" />

<activity
    android:name=".fcm.FcmActivity"
    android:label="@string/fb_cloud_message_label"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme" />

<service android:name=".fcm.FCMessagingService">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
    </intent-filter>
</service>

3. 后台Service（应用后台时，负责解析&弹出云消息通知）

public class FCMessagingService extends FirebaseMessagingService {

    private static final String TAG = "MyFirebaseMsgService";

    /**
     * Called when message is received.
     *
     * @param remoteMessage Object representing the message received from Firebase Cloud Messaging.
     */
    @Override
    public void onMessageReceived(RemoteMessage remoteMessage) {
        // Not getting messages here? See why this may be: https://goo.gl/39bRNJ
        Log.d(TAG, "From: " + remoteMessage.getFrom());

        //1. 用于处理云消息
        //并不是所有的消息都在这里处理，如果APP处在后台接收带数据的通知，那么数据会放在启动activity的Intent中
        if ((remoteMessage.getFrom().startsWith("/topics/"))) {
            String topic = remoteMessage.getFrom().replace("/topics/", "");
            Log.d(TAG, "From: " + remoteMessage.getFrom());
            Log.d(TAG, "From: " + topic);
        }

        // 2. 检查是否包含通知
        if (remoteMessage.getNotification() != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Message Notification Body: " + remoteMessage.getNotification().getBody());
            sendNotification(remoteMessage.getNotification().getTitle(), remoteMessage.getNotification().getBody());
        }
    }


    /**
     * 3. APP发出FCM云推送过来的通知
     *
     * @param title FCM message title received.
     * @param messageBody FCM message body received.
     */
    private void sendNotification(String title, String messageBody) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, FcmActivity.class);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0  /*Request code */, intent,
                PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);

        String channelId = getString(R.string.default_notification_channel_id);
        Uri defaultSoundUri = RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
        NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder =
                new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId)
                        .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_stat_ic_notification)
                        .setContentTitle(title)
                        .setContentText(messageBody)
                        .setAutoCancel(true)
                        .setSound(defaultSoundUri)
                        .setContentIntent(pendingIntent);

        NotificationManager notificationManager =
                (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

        // Since android Oreo notification channel is needed.
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelId,
                    "Channel human readable title",
                    NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);
            notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
        }

        notificationManager.notify(0  /*ID of notification */, notificationBuilder.build());
    }
}

4. Activity实现（点击云消息通知，配置拉起此Activity，并处理云消息的data部分数据）：

public class FcmActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "AnalyticsActivity";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_fb_fcm);

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            // Create channel to show notifications.
            String channelId = getString(R.string.default_notification_channel_id);
            String channelName = getString(R.string.default_notification_channel_name);
            NotificationManager notificationManager =
                    getSystemService(NotificationManager.class);
            notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(new NotificationChannel(channelId,
                    channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW));
        }

        // 1. 当Notification的类型是message+data时，data在此处理（点击fcm通知时自动触发启动Activity时）
        if (getIntent().getExtras() != null) {
            for (String key : getIntent().getExtras().keySet()) {
                Object value = getIntent().getExtras().get(key);
                Log.d(TAG, "Key: " + key + " Value: " + value);
            }
        }

        //2. 应用侧上报：订阅主题："Weather"（用于Firebase后台配置：可通过主题差异化配置云消息的运营方式）
        Button subscribeButton = findViewById(R.id.subscribeButton);
        subscribeButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Subscribing to weather topic");
                FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic("weather")
                        .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() {
                            @Override
                            public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) {
                                String msg = getString(R.string.msg_subscribed);
                                if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
                                    msg = getString(R.string.msg_subscribe_failed);
                                }
                            }
                        });
            }
        });

        //3. 应用侧查询：注册的设备唯一的FCM令牌（用于Firebase后台配置：可通过令牌测试单一设备）
        Button logTokenButton = findViewById(R.id.logTokenButton);
        logTokenButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // Get token
                FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance().getInstanceId()
                        .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<InstanceIdResult>() {
                            @Override
                            public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<InstanceIdResult> task) {
                                if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
                                    Log.w(TAG, "getInstanceId failed", task.getException());
                                    return;
                                }
                                // 获取设备Instance ID token，用于服务端推送单一设备.
                                String token = task.getResult().getToken();
                            }
                        });
            }
        });
    }
}

Android Firebase入门到精通之五：Cloud Message(云消息) 的集成与开发

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