spring cloud微服务分布式云架构-服务消费者（rest+ribbon）

一、ribbon简介

Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.

—–摘自官网 Spring Cloud大型企业分布式微服务云架构源码请加一七九一七四三三八零

ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端，可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。

ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean：

IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl

IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule

IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

二、建一个服务消费者

重新新建一个spring-boot工程，取名为：service-ribbon;

在它的pom.xml文件分别引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web，代码如下：
 
 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>

在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http:/ /localhost:8761/eureka/，程序名称为 service-ribbon，程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml如下：
 

eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon

 
在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册；并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
 
 

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}

@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}

}

写一个测试类HelloService，通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口，在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址，在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例，根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名，代码如下：
 
 

@Service
public class HelloService {

@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;

public String hiService(String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}

}

写一个controller，在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法，代码如下：
 
 

/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
*/
@RestController
public class HelloControler {

@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
return helloService.hiService(name);
}


}

在浏览器上多次访问http:/ /localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp，浏览器交替显示：
 

hi forezp,i am from port:8762

hi forezp,i am from port:8763
 

这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http:/ /SERVICE-HI/hi?name=“+name,String.class)方法时，已经做了负载均衡，访问了不同的端口的服务实例。