django get与post参数，文件上传

get与post参数

get与post传参可以通过前端页面method控制，当method为get时就是通过get传参，当method为post的时就是通过post form表单传递参数

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>Title</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 <h1>登录</h1>
 9 <form action="" method="post">
10     {% csrf_token %}
11     <p>用户名：<input type="text" name="username"></p>
12     <p>密码：<input type="password" name="password"></p>
13     <p><input type="submit" value="登录"></p>
14 </form>
15 </body>
16 </html>

get传参效果

post传参效果，主要时通过form表单传递

前后台数据交互及登陆小案例

前端登陆页面login.html

 1 <body>
 2 <h1>登录</h1>
 3 <form action="" method="post">
 4     {% csrf_token %}
 5     <p>用户名：<input type="text" name="username"></p>
 6     <p>密码：<input type="password" name="password"></p>
 7     <p><input type="submit" value="登录"></p>
 8 </form>
 9 </body>
10 </html>

后端views页面，需要判断method然后根据提交的参数判断是否跳转到index页面

1 def login(request):
2     # url = reverse('teacher:detail', kwargs={'pk': 12})
3     # return redirect(url) # 硬编码
4     if request.method == "POST":
5         username = request.POST.get('username','')
6         password = request.POST.get('password','')
7         if username =='xinlan' and password =='123456':
8             return redirect(reverse('teacher:index'))
9     return render(request, 'teacher/login.html')

　　出现一键多值的情况的时候，需要用request.GET.getlist()

文件上传：

　　1.设置上传路径：

　　　　setting里面设置UPLOAD__ROOT

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
UPLOAD_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'upload')

　　2.上传前端页面upload.html

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>Title</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 <h1>上传文件</h1>
 9 <form action=""method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
10     <p>请选择你要上传的文件: <input type="file" name="file"></p>
11     <p><input type="submit" value="上传"></p>
12 </form>
13 
14 </body>
15 </html>

3.后端设置

　　需要设置views.py和urls路由等

　　views

def upload(request ):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        file = request.FILES.get('file',None)
        if file:
            day_dir = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')
            pre_dir = os.path.join(UPLOAD_ROOT,day_dir)
            if not os.path.exists(pre_dir):
                os.mkdir(pre_dir)
            filename=os.path.join(pre_dir,file.name)
            with open(filename,'wb') as f:
                for line in file.chunks():
                    f.write(line)
                return HttpResponse('上传成功')
    else:
        return render(request,'teacher/upload.html')

urls

urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.index, name='index'),
    path('login/', views.login),
    path('detail/<int:pk>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
    # path('students/<int:year>/<int:month>/', views.students),
    re_path(r'students/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]|1[0-2])/', views.students),
    path('upload/', views.upload,name='upload'),
]

多文件上传：

　　前端upload页面需要加multiple

1 <h1>上传文件</h1>
2 <form action=""method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
3     <p>请选择你要上传的文件: <input type="file" name="file" multiple></p>
4     <p><input type="submit" value="上传"></p>
5     {% csrf_token %}
6 </form>

后端views需要通过getlist来获取多个文件，然后通过for循环分别上传

 1 def upload(request):
 2     if request.method == 'POST':
 3         files = request.FILES.getlist('file', None)
 4         for file in files:
 5             day_dir = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')
 6             pre_dir = os.path.join(UPLOAD_ROOT, day_dir)
 7             if not os.path.exists(pre_dir):
 8                 os.mkdir(pre_dir)
 9             filename = os.path.join(pre_dir, file.name)
10             with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
11                 for line in file.chunks():
12                     f.write(line)
13         return HttpResponse('上传成功！')
14 
15     return render(request, 'teacher/upload.html')

django get与post参数，文件上传

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