Spring Boot自动配置详解

spring boot之所以能够自动配置bean,是通过基于条件来配置Bean的能力实现的。

常用的条件注解如下

  1. @ConditionalOnBean:当容器里存在指定的Bean的条件下

  2. @ConditionalOnClass:当前类路径下存在指定的类的条件下

  3. @ConditionalOnExpression:基于SpEL表达式作为判断条件

  4. @ConditionalOnJava:基于JVM版本作为判断条件

  5. @ConditionalOnJndi:在JNDI存在的条件下查找指定的位置

  6. @ConditionalOnMissingBean:当容器里没有指定的Bean的条件下

  7. @ConditionalOnMissingClass:当前类路径下没有指定的类的条件下

  8. @ConditionalOnNotWebApplication:当前项目不是web项目的条件下

  9. @ConditionalOnProperty:指定的属性是否有指定的值的条件下

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  10. @ConditionalOnResource:类路径下是否有指定的值

  11. @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate:指定Bean在容器中只有一个,或者虽然有多个但是指定首选的Bean

  12. @ConditionalOnWebApplication:当前项目是Web项目的条件下

这些注解都组合了@Conditional注解,只是使用了不同的条件。

接下来我们自己写一个自动配置,并且封装成starter pom。

首先创建maven工程,导入以下依赖:

 

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
   <version>1.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

工程结构如下

jiegou.png

创建AuthorProperties类,作为配置信息的载体

 

package com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="author")//指定配置内容的前缀
public class AuthorProperties {
	
	private static final String NAME = "微儿博客";
	
	private static final int AGE = 18;
	
	private String name = NAME;//默认为微儿博客
	
	private int age = AGE;//默认为18

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

 

创建AuthorService类,作为Bean

 

package com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello;

public class AuthorService {
	
	private String name;
	
	private int age;
	
	public String who(){
		return "name:"+name+",age:"+age;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

 

创建配置类AuthorServiceAutoConfiguration,负责配置Bean

 

package com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration//声明配置类
@EnableConfigurationProperties(AuthorProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(AuthorService.class)//类路径下存在AuthorService类的条件下
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix="author",value="enabled",matchIfMissing=true)//在前缀为author的配置为enabled的情况下,即author=enabled,没有配置默认为enabled
public class AuthorServiceAutoConfiguration {

	@Autowired
	private AuthorProperties authorProperties;
	
	@Bean
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(AuthorService.class)//容器中没有AuthorService的Bean的条件下配置该Bean
	public AuthorService authorService(){
		AuthorService authorService = new AuthorService();
		authorService.setName(authorProperties.getName());
		authorService.setAge(authorProperties.getAge());
		return authorService;
	}
}

 

若想自动配置生效,需要注册自动配置类。在src/main/resources下创建META-INF/spring.factories文件,并写入以下内容:

 

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello.AuthorServiceAutoConfiguration

 

若有多个自动配置类,则用","隔开,此处“\”是为了换行后仍能读到属性。

以上操作完成后执行maven install。

然后在Spring Boot项目中引入该依赖:

 

<dependency>
	<groupId>com.springboot</groupId>
	<artifactId>springboot-starter-hello</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

 

新建AutoConfig类:

 

package com.springboot.autoconfig;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.springboot.springboot_starter_hello.AuthorService;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class AutoConfig {
	
	@Autowired
	private AuthorService authorService;
	
	@RequestMapping("/")
	public String who(){
		return authorService.who();
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(AutoConfig.class, args);
	}
}

 

运行该类,访问localhost:8080,出现如下结果:

123.png

接下来在src/main/resources下新建application.properties文件,写入以下内容:

 

author.name=weare
author.age=19

 

重新运行AutoConfig类:

123.png

 

原文地址:微儿博客

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转载自weareweier.iteye.com/blog/2346574