Nginx网站服务器

Nginx网站服务器

Nginx安装

Nginx Web服务器软件安装完成后，程序主目录位于/usr/local/nginx/，该目录下的内容分别为

目录	作用
conf	主配置文件目录
html	网站根目录
logs	日志文件目录
sbin	主程序目录

Nginx启动与停止

进入sbin目录下（以下操作，如无特殊说明，均在sbin目录下操作）

启动nginx

./nginx ：启动nginx，这种方式nginx会自动读取conf目录下的nginx.conf的配置文件

./nginx -c 指定配置文件：用指定的配置文件启动nginx

./nginx -s reopen ：重新打开日志文件

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ps -aux |grep nginx
root       831  0.0  0.0  25516  1352 ?        Ss   14:50   0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody     832  0.0  0.0  28032  2124 ?        S    14:50   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       834  0.0  0.0 112660   976 pts/2    S+   14:51   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

一个主进程

关闭nginx

./nginx -s stop ：快速停止nginx

./nginx -s quit ：完整有序的停止nginx

其他停止nginx方式：

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1.通过信号量强行关闭

[root@localhost nginx]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root       831  0.0  0.0  25516  1352 ?        Ss   14:50   0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody     832  0.0  0.0  28032  2368 ?        S    14:50   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       954  0.0  0.0 112660   976 pts/2    S+   14:59   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# kill -INT 831
[root@localhost nginx]# ps -aux | grep nginx
root       964  0.0  0.0 112660   972 pts/2    S+   15:00   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

2.改变配置文件，平滑重读配置文件

[root@localhost nginx]# ps -aux|grep nginx
root       985  0.0  0.0  25516  1984 ?        Ss   15:01   0:00 nginx: master process ./sbin/nginx
nobody    1864  0.0  0.0  27600  2060 ?        S    15:49   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      2005  0.0  0.0 112664   976 pts/2    S+   15:52   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# kill -HUP 985

重启nginx

./nginx -s reload ： 重启，一般修改配置后重新加载生效

Nginx配置文件

Nginx默认配置文件为/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，配置文件主要包括全局，event，http，server设置。event主要用来定义Nginx工作模式；http提供web功能；server用来设置虚拟主机，且server必须位于http内部，一个配置文件中可以有多个server

...              #全局块

events {         #events块
   ...
}

http      #http块
{
    ...   #http全局块
    server        #server块
    { 
        ...       #server全局块
        location [PATTERN]   #location块
        {
            ...
        }
        location [PATTERN] 
        {
            ...
        }
    }
    server
    {
      ...
    }
    ...     #http全局块
}

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
}

//设置用户与组，一般用#注释掉
user  nobody;
//启动子进程数，可以通过ps aux | grep nginx 查看
worker_processes  1;
//错误日志文件，以及日志级别
error_log  logs/error.log  info;
//进程号保存的文件
pid logs/nginx.pid;

//主要用来定义Nginx工作模式
events  {
    //每个进程可以处理的链接数，受系统文件句柄的限制
    worker_connections  1024;
}

//提供web功能
http  {
    //mime.types为文件类型定义文件
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile 	  on;
    tcp_nopush	  on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip          on;
    
    //使用server定义虚拟主机
    server {
        listen	80;
        server_name  www.baidu.com;
        
        location / {
            root html;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root html;
        }
    
        //消费者查询系统中间件 、 全程版系统中间件
        location ~ /api/1.0/ll/(.*) {
        proxy_pass http://59.68.29.89:18081/api/1.0/ll/$1;
        proxy_set_header           Host $host:80;
        proxy_set_header           X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header           X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }

}