Ubuntu Linux环境Docker CE安装笔记

①卸载可能的操作系统预安装旧版本Docker

我的Ubuntu 18.04(LTS)环境是没有预装的，但还是按照官方手册执行一下吧。

apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

②添加Docker的apt源

apt-get update
apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg-agent software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
apt-get update

③安装

apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

④测试安装

root@ubuntu:~# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:2557e3c07ed1e38f26e389462d03ed943586f744621577a99efb77324b0fe535
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

运行一个官方Repository提供的“ hello-world ”示例。

⑤配置开机启动

systemctl enable docker

Docker默认是在root用户组下的，可以选择添加一个普通账户到安装时创建的“ docker ”组下。

usermod -aG docker $USER

⑥安装后的一些简单试操作

启动一个“ ubuntu ”环境的container。

root@ubuntu:~# docker run -it ubuntu bash
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
6cf436f81810: Pull complete 
987088a85b96: Pull complete 
b4624b3efe06: Pull complete 
d42beb8ded59: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:7a47ccc3bbe8a451b500d2b53104868b46d60ee8f5b35a24b41a86077c650210
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
root@fb6c90c21a52:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@fb6c90c21a52:~# exit
exit

列出本地全部image。

root@ubuntu:~# docker image ls -a --digests
REPOSITORY          TAG                 DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              latest              sha256:7a47ccc3bbe8a451b500d2b53104868b46d60ee8f5b35a24b41a86077c650210   47b19964fb50        8 days ago          88.1MB
hello-world         latest              sha256:2557e3c07ed1e38f26e389462d03ed943586f744621577a99efb77324b0fe535   fce289e99eb9        6 weeks ago         1.84kB

删除所有image。

root@ubuntu:~# docker image ls -q
47b19964fb50
fce289e99eb9
root@ubuntu:~# docker image rm $(docker image ls -q)
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 47b19964fb50 (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container fb6c90c21a52
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete fce289e99eb9 (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container e030b394f528

可以看到删除image的时候报错了，因为image被container占用中，所以暂时无法直接删除。这时候有两种办法：一种是先干掉占用image的container然后再删除image；另一种是根据报错信息的提示，force删除。

曲线删除过程。也可以有两种方式：第一种同删除image，先输出container id，然后命令行管道删除；第二种通过“ prune ”选项删除。

root@ubuntu:~# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS               NAMES
f29708ed7117        ubuntu              "bash"              2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                        amazing_shtern
702a2346f7cc        ubuntu              "bash"              18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                       fervent_shtern
fb6c90c21a52        ubuntu              "bash"              18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                       clever_nightingale
e030b394f528        hello-world         "/hello"            18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                       goofy_swartz
root@ubuntu:~# docker container ls -a -q
f29708ed7117
702a2346f7cc
fb6c90c21a52
e030b394f528
root@ubuntu:~# docker container rm $(docker container ls -a -q)
f29708ed7117
702a2346f7cc
fb6c90c21a52
e030b394f528
root@ubuntu:~# docker container ls -a -q

root@ubuntu:~# docker container prune
WARNING! This will remove all stopped containers.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Total reclaimed space: 0B

删除相关container以后再执行image删除操作就OK了。

root@ubuntu:~# docker image rm $(docker image ls -q)
Untagged: ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:7a47ccc3bbe8a451b500d2b53104868b46d60ee8f5b35a24b41a86077c650210
Deleted: sha256:47b19964fb500f3158ae57f20d16d8784cc4af37c52c49d3b4f5bc5eede49541
Deleted: sha256:d4c69838355b876cd3eb0d92b4ef27b1839f5b094a4eb1ad2a1d747dd5d6088f
Deleted: sha256:1c29a32189d8f2738d0d99378dc0912c9f9d289b52fb698bdd6c1c8cd7a33727
Deleted: sha256:d801a12f6af7beff367268f99607376584d8b2da656dcd8656973b7ad9779ab4
Deleted: sha256:bebe7ce6215aee349bee5d67222abeb5c5a834bbeaa2f2f5d05363d9fd68db41
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:2557e3c07ed1e38f26e389462d03ed943586f744621577a99efb77324b0fe535
Deleted: sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e
Deleted: sha256:af0b15c8625bb1938f1d7b17081031f649fd14e6b233688eea3c5483994a66a3

暴力删除法，通过“ -f ”参数。

docker image rm -f $(docker image ls -q)

参考：

https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/#prerequisites

https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/

Ubuntu Linux环境Docker CE安装笔记

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