OAuth2认证和授权：ClientCredentials认证

1：创建授权服务器项目：AuthorizationServer，添加包：IdentityServer4

2：创建资源服务器项目：ResourcesServer，添加包：IdentityServer4.AccesstokenValidation

3：创建请求客户端项目：ClientCredentials，添加包:IdentityModel

AuthorizationServer代码示例：

  public class Config
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 定义用户可以访问的资源
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static List<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource> {
                /*
                 具有单个作用域的简单API，这样定义的话，作用域（scope）和Api名称（ApiName）相同
                 */
                new ApiResource("api","描述"),

                 //如果需要更多控制，则扩展版本
                new ApiResource{
                    Name="userinfo", //资源名称，对应客户端的：ApiName，必须是唯一的
                    Description="描述",
                    DisplayName="", //显示的名称
                  
                    //ApiSecrets =
                    //{
                    //    new Secret("secret11".Sha256())
                    //},

                    //作用域，对应下面的Cliet的 AllowedScopes
                    Scopes={
                        new Scope
                        {
                            Name = "apiInfo.read_full",
                            DisplayName = "完全的访问权限",
                            UserClaims={ "super" }
                        },
                        new Scope
                        {
                            Name = "apiinfo.read_only",
                            DisplayName = "只读权限"
                        }
                    },
                },
            };
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端合法性验证
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static List<Client> GetClients()
        {
            #region 客户端模式 ClientCredentials
            var ClientCredentials = new Client
            {

                /******************客户端 请求对应的字段*******************
                 client_id：客户端的ID，必选
                 grant_type：授权类型，必选，此处固定值“code”
                 client_secret：客户端的密码，必选
                 scope：申请的权限范围，可选，如果传了必须是正确的，否则也不通过
                 ************************************/

                //这个Client集合里面，ClientId必须是唯一的
                ClientId = "780987652", // 客户端ID，客户端传过来的必须是这个，验证才能通过,
                AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,// 授权类型，指客户端可以使用的模式
                ClientSecrets = { new Secret("secret".Sha256()) }, //客户端密钥
                //ClientSecrets={new Secret("secret".Sha512()) },
                //RequireClientSecret = false, //不验证secret ，一般是信得过的第三方

                ClientName = "客户端名称",
                Description = "描述",
                //Claims = new List<Claim> {
                //    new Claim("super","super")
                //},
                /*
                 权限范围，对应的ApiResouce，这里是客户端模式，对应的是用户资源，所以是ApiResouce
                 如果是oidc 这对应的是identityResouece，身份资源
                 所以是取决于AllowedGrantTypes的类型

                允许客户端访问的API作用域
                 */
                AllowedScopes = { "apiInfo.read_full" } //
            };

            var ClientCredentials1 = new Client
            {
                ClientId = "userinfo",
                AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials, //客户端输入：client_credentials
                ClientSecrets = { new Secret("secret".Sha256()) },
                ClientName = "客户端名称",
                AllowedScopes = { "apiInfo.read_full" } //
            };
            #endregion
            #region 密码模式 ResourceOwnerPassword
            var pwd = new Client
            {
                ClientId = "userinfo_pwd",
                AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,//客户端输入：password
                ClientSecrets = { new Secret("secret".Sha256()) },
                ClientName = "客户端名称",
                RefreshTokenUsage = TokenUsage.ReUse,
                AlwaysIncludeUserClaimsInIdToken = true,
                AllowOfflineAccess = true,
                AllowedScopes = { "apiInfo.read_full" } //
            };
            #endregion

            return new List<Client> {
               ClientCredentials,
               //ClientCredentials1,
               //pwd,
           };
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 密码模式，需要用的到用户名和密码，正式操作是在数据库中找
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static List<TestUser> GetTestUsers()
        {
            return new List<TestUser> {
                new TestUser
                {
                    SubjectId="100000", //用户ID
                    Username="cnblogs", //用户名
                    Password="123", //密码
                    Claims=new List<Claim>{
                        new Claim("name","name")
                    }
                }
            };
        }
    }

Startup.cs配置：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
            {
                // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
                options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
                options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
            });


            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);

            //注册ids中间件
            services.AddIdentityServer()
               //设置开发者临时签名凭据
               .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
               
               //in-men 方式把信息添加到内存中
               .AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
               .AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients())
               .AddTestUsers(Config.GetTestUsers());

        }

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
          //使用ids中间件
            app.UseIdentityServer();
}

ResourcesServer 资源服务器认证示例：

 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);

            //默认的认证方式是Bearer认证
            services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
            //配置要验证的信息
            .AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
            {
                //令牌或者说AccessToken颁发的地址，Token中会包含该地址
                //第一次会去认证服务器获取配置信息
                options.Authority = "http://localhost:5003"; //必填
                options.ApiName = "userinfo";
                options.ApiSecret = "secret";
                //options.SaveToken = true;
                options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;//暂时取消Https验证，
            });

            //services.AddAuthorization(options => {
            //    options.AddPolicy("client", policy => policy.RequireClaim("client_id"));
            //});
        }
 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
 app.UseAuthentication();

}

资源接口:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Linq;

namespace ResourcesServer.Controllers
{
    [Route("identity")]
    [Authorize]
    public class IdentityController : ControllerBase
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取当前的信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult Get()
        {
            return new JsonResult(User.Claims.Select(
                c => new { c.Type, c.Value }));
        }

        [HttpGet]
        [Route("userInfo")]
        public ActionResult GetUserInfo()
        {
            return new JsonResult(User.Claims.Select(
                c => new { c.Type, c.Value }));
        }
      
    }
}

通过Postman请求授权服务器获取access_token

参数:

client_id:780987652
client_secret:secret
grant_type:client_credentials

 然后通过该access_token 请求资源服务器获取资源

nbf：非必须。not before。如果当前时间在nbf里的时间之前，则Token不被接受；一般都会留一些余地，比如几分钟。

exp：#非必须。expire 指定token的生命周期。unix时间戳格式

iss：#非必须。issuer 请求实体，可以是发起请求的用户的信息，也可是jwt的签发者。

aud：#非必须。接收该JWT的一方。

详细信息参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/zjutzz/p/5790180.html

可以把access_token放到jwt.io 看下：

 可以通过 http://localhost:5003/.well-known/openid-configuration 查看配置信息

ClientCredentials第三方代码请求方式：

using IdentityModel;
using IdentityModel.Client;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;

namespace ClientCredentials
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 客户端模式，请求授权服务器获取token，请求资源服务器获取资源
    /// 依赖包：IdentityModel
    /// </summary>
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string Authority = "http://localhost:5003";
            string ApiResurce = "http://localhost:5002/";
            var tokenCliet = new HttpClient()
            {
                BaseAddress = new Uri(ApiResurce)
            };

            /*
             这样做的目的是：
             资源服务器会去授权服务器认证，所以在客户端可以先判断下授权服务器是否挂了
             */
            DiscoveryCache _cache = new DiscoveryCache(Authority);
            var disco1 =  _cache.GetAsync().Result;
            if (disco1.IsError) throw new Exception(disco1.Error);
            //或者
            var disco = tokenCliet.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync(Authority).Result;
            if (disco.IsError) throw new Exception(disco.Error);


            var response = tokenCliet.RequestClientCredentialsTokenAsync(new ClientCredentialsTokenRequest
            {
                Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
                ClientId = "780987652",
                ClientSecret= "secret",
                //GrantType= "client_credentials"
            }).Result;

            if (response.IsError) throw new Exception(response.Error);

            var token = response.AccessToken;

            //把token，Decode
            if (response.AccessToken.Contains("."))
            {
                //Console.WriteLine("\nAccess Token (decoded):");
                Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Green;
                Console.WriteLine("\nAccess Token (decoded):");
                Console.ResetColor();

                var parts = response.AccessToken.Split('.');
                var header = parts[0];
                var claims = parts[1];

                Console.WriteLine(JObject.Parse(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Base64Url.Decode(header))));
                Console.WriteLine(JObject.Parse(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Base64Url.Decode(claims))));
            }
            //设置请求的Token
            tokenCliet.SetBearerToken(token);
            //请求并返回字符串
            var apiResource1 = tokenCliet.GetStringAsync("identity").Result;
            var userinfo = tokenCliet.GetStringAsync("identity/userinfo").Result;

           var j =  JObject.Parse(userinfo);
            //或者
            var getVal = tokenCliet.GetAsync("api/values").Result;
            if (getVal.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(getVal.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

 Access Token (decoded)的结果