[leetcode] 123. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III

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Description

Say you have an array for which the ith element is the price of a given stock on day i.

Design an algorithm to find the maximum profit. You may complete at most two transactions.

Note: You may not engage in multiple transactions at the same time (i.e., you must sell the stock before you buy again).

Example 1:

Input: [3,3,5,0,0,3,1,4]
Output: 6
Explanation: Buy on day 4 (price = 0) and sell on day 6 (price = 3), profit = 3-0 = 3.
             Then buy on day 7 (price = 1) and sell on day 8 (price = 4), profit = 4-1 = 3.

Example 2:

Input: [1,2,3,4,5]
Output: 4
Explanation: Buy on day 1 (price = 1) and sell on day 5 (price = 5), profit = 5-1 = 4.
             Note that you cannot buy on day 1, buy on day 2 and sell them later, as you are
             engaging multiple transactions at the same time. You must sell before buying again.

Example 3:

Input: [7,6,4,3,1]
Output: 0
Explanation: In this case, no transaction is done, i.e. max profit = 0.

分析一

题目的意思为:
设计一个算法求股票的最大收益,要求交易不能超过2次,在做下一个交易前,当前的交易必须完毕。
想法:
这是leetcode的一道hard难度的题目,已经超出了本人的能力了,我这里稍稍充当了一下搬运工,欢迎大牛批评指正。

  • 这里我们先解释最多可以进行k次交易的算法,然后最多进行两次我们只需要把k取成2即可。我们还是使用“局部最优和全局最优解法”。我们维护两种量,一个是当前到达第i天可以最多进行j次交易,最好的利润是多少(global[i][j]),另一个是当前到达第i天,最多可进行j次交易,并且最后一次交易在当天卖出的最好的利润是多少(local[i][j])。下面我们来看递推式,全局的比较简单,
    global[i][j]=max(local[i][j],global[i-1][j]),
    也就是去当前局部最好的,和过往全局最好的中大的那个(因为最后一次交易如果包含当前天一定在局部最好的里面,否则一定在过往全局最优的里面)。对于局部变量的维护,递推式是
    local[i][j]=max(global[i-1][j-1]+max(diff,0),local[i-1][j]+diff),
    也就是看两个量,第一个是全局到i-1天进行j-1次交易,然后加上今天的交易,如果今天是赚钱的话(也就是前面只要j-1次交易,最后一次交易取当前天),第二个量则是取local第i-1天j次交易,然后加上今天的差值(这里因为local[i-1][j]比如包含第i-1天卖出的交易,所以现在变成第i天卖出,并不会增加交易次数,而且这里无论diff是不是大于0都一定要加上,因为否则就不满足local[i][j]必须在最后一天卖出的条件了)。

代码一

class Solution {
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
        if(prices.empty()){
            return 0;
        }
        int n=prices.size();
        int g[n][3]={0};
        int l[n][3]={0};
        for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
            int diff=prices[i]-prices[i-1];
            for(int j=1;j<=2;j++){
                l[i][j]=max(g[i-1][j-1]+max(diff,0),l[i-1][j]+diff);
                g[i][j]=max(l[i][j],g[i-1][j]);
            }
        }
        return g[n-1][2];
    }
};

分析二

  • 按照参考博客的思路,buy1记录的是所有天最便宜的报价,sell1记录的是所有天只进行1次买卖的最大利益;buy2表示在第一次获得最大利益后,再买到那次交易后最便宜股价是剩余的净利润,sell2记录的是两次完整交易的最大利润。

代码二

class Solution {
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int> &prices) {
        int buy1=INT_MIN;
        int sell1=0;
        int buy2=INT_MIN;
        int sell2=0;
        for(int i=0;i<prices.size();i++){ //每次循环表示进入新的一天
            buy1=max(buy1,-prices[i]);  //记录之前所有天最便宜的股价
            sell1=max(sell1,buy1+prices[i]);  //记录之前所有天只进行1次买卖的最大利益
            buy2=max(buy2,sell1-prices[i]);  //记录之前天先进行1次交易获得最大利益后,
                   //再买到那次交易后最便宜股价时剩余的净利润
            sell2=max(sell2,buy2+prices[i]); //记录之前天进行2次完整交易的最大利润
        }
        return sell2;
    }
};

参考文献

[编程题]best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-iii
[LeetCode] Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III 买股票的最佳时间之三
Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III – LeetCode

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转载自blog.csdn.net/w5688414/article/details/86587095