系统环境：Linux version 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
数据库版本：11.2.0.1.0
环境变量:$ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
$ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
$ORACLE_SID=orcl
1.监听 TNS等配置文件位置
1.1 linux
[oracle@localhost audit]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora
[oracle@localhost admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
[oracle@localhost admin]$
1.2 windows
%ORACLE_HOME%\network/admin
2.初始静态参数文件位置
关于oracle实例的spfile和pfile文件存放位置：
linux和unix环境则存放在$ORACLE_HOME\dbs目录下，windows环境下文件存放在$ORACLE_HOME\database目录下
2.1 linux
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
hc_DBUA0.dat hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
hc_KM.dat initKM.ora lkKM orapwKM spfileKM.ora
2.2 windows
%ORACLE_BASE%\database
无论在linux还是windows在$ORACLE_HOME/admin/[SID]/pfile里都有一个pfile文件，这个文件的名字类似init.ora.5292018151558，在网上查了些资料，说这个是oracle的pfile自动备份
3.动态参数文件位置
3.1 linux
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
hc_DBUA0.dat hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkKM orapwKM spfileKM.ora
hc_KM.dat initKM.ora initorcl.ora lkORCL orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
3.2 windows
%ORACLE_HOME%\dbs
4.审计信息
4.1 linux
[oracle@localhost adump]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
[oracle@localhost adump]$ ls
orcl_ora_100382_1.aud orcl_ora_75484_1.aud orcl_ora_76285_1.aud orcl_ora_92140_1.aud
orcl_ora_100416_1.aud orcl_ora_75484_2.aud orcl_ora_76291_1.aud orcl_ora_92232_1.aud
orcl_ora_100707_1.aud orcl_ora_75563_1.aud orcl_ora_76305_1.aud orcl_ora_92247_1.aud
orcl_ora_100817_1.aud orcl_ora_75646_1.aud orcl_ora_76306_1.aud orcl_ora_92251_1.aud
orcl_ora_100924_1.aud orcl_ora_75647_1.aud orcl_ora_76328_1.aud orcl_ora_92263_1.aud
orcl_ora_100927_1.aud orcl_ora_75647_2.aud orcl_ora_76329_1.aud orcl_ora_92268_1.aud
[oracle@localhost adump]$
4.2 windows
%ORACLE_BASE%\admin\[SID]\adump
5.EM配置\监听配置\数据库创建的日志
5.1 linux
[oracle@localhost adump]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/
[oracle@localhost cfgtoollogs]$ ls
dbca emca netca
[oracle@localhost cfgtoollogs]$ cd dbca/
[oracle@localhost dbca]$ ls
KM orcl
[oracle@localhost dbca]$ cd orcl/
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
cloneDBCreation.log mkplug_v3_orcl.log rmanRestoreDatafiles.sql
CloneRmanRestore.log OraDb11g_home1_orcl_creation_checkpoint.xml trace.log
emConfig.log postDBCreation.log tts_example_imp.log
lockAccount.log postScripts.log
[oracle@localhost cfgtoollogs]$ cd emca/
[oracle@localhost emca]$ ls
emca_2018_09_12_18_13_33.log KM orcl
[oracle@localhost emca]$ cd orcl/
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
emca_2018_08_17_01_01_55.log emca_repos_config_2018_08_17_02_15_18.log
emca_2018_08_17_02_09_33.log emca_repos_create_2018_08_17_02_11_13.log
emca_repos_config_2018_08_17_01_02_01.log emca_repos_drop_2018_08_17_02_10_20.log
[oracle@localhost cfgtoollogs]$ cd netca/
[oracle@localhost netca]$ ls
netca_OraDb11g_home1-18081712AM5937.log trace_OraDb11g_home1-18081712AM5937.log
[oracle@localhost orcl]$
5.2 windows
%ORACLE_BASE%\cfgtoollogs
6.会话跟踪文件-即trace文件
6.1 linux
SQL> select value from v$diag_info where name='Diag Trace';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
SQL>
6.2 windows
%ORACLE_BASE%\diag\rdbms\orcl\orcl\trace
7.数据库alert警告日志
7.1 linux
SQL> select value from v$diag_info where name='Diag Alert';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/alert
通过adr 查看日志:
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ adrci
ADRCI: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Sep 16 09:34:35 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
ADR base = "/u01/app/oracle"
adrci> show alert
Choose the alert log from the following homes to view:
1: diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener
2: diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl
3: diag/rdbms/km/KM
Q: to quit
Please select option: 2
Output the results to file: /tmp/alert_8142_13976_orcl_1.ado
Please select option:
7.2 windows
%ORACLE_BASE%\diag\rdbms\dw\dw\alert
Oracle 10g之前，告警日志位于bdump文件夹下，但11g对此做了变更，引入了ADR(一个存放数据库诊断日志、跟踪文件的目录)，它对应的初始化参数为DIAGNOSTIC_DEST，如果设置了$ORACLE_BASE环境变量，那么DIAGNOSTIC_DEST等于$ORACLE_BASE，如果没有设置$ORACLE_BASE，则等于$ORACLE_HOME/log
可使用如下语句查询11g告警日志存放路径：
--显示DIAGNOSTIC_DEST的位置
1.show parameter DIAGNOSTIC_DEST; --查询xml文件的目录
2.select value from v$diag_info where name='Diag Alert';
--查询文本文件的目录
3.select value from v$diag_info where name='Diag Trace';
4.show parameter background_dump_dest;
5.select value from v$parameter where name='background_dump_dest';
--查询警告日志文件路径
6.select value from v$diag_info where name='Diag Trace';
注：Oracle 11g的告警日志以两种格式存储：一种是xml格式，另一种是文本格式。
8.oracle自带监控排错脚本
8.1 linux
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin
8.2 windows
%ORACLE_HOME%\RDBMS\ADMIN
9.数据库备份恢复默认位置
9.1 linux
$ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area/ORCL
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/onlinelog
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
9.2 windows
%ORACLE_BASE%\flash_recovery_area\orcl
10.数据库备份恢复默认位置
show parameter db_recovery_file_dest;
select * from v$recovery_file_dest;
11.TNS日志与监听日志位置:
11.1 linux TNS监听日志:
$ORACLE_BASE/diag/tnslsnr/机器名/listener/trace
$ORACLE_BASE/diag/tnslsnr/$HOSTNAME/listener/trace
windows TNS监听日志:
/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/机器名/listener/trace
11.2 linux 监听日志：
$ORACLE_BASE/diag/tnslsnr/机器名/listener/alert/log.xml
windows 监听日志:
/u01/app/oracle/diag/lsnrctl