Spring Boot使用单元测试

一.Service层单元测试：

代码如下：

package com.dudu.service;
import com.dudu.domain.LearnResource;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class LearnServiceTest {

 @Autowired
 private LearnService learnService;
 
 @Test
 public void getLearn(){
 LearnResource learnResource=learnService.selectByKey(1001L);
 Assert.assertThat(learnResource.getAuthor(),is("博客园"));
 }
}
就是最简单的单元测试写法，顶部只要@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)和SpringBootTest即可，想要执行的时候，鼠标放在对应的方法，右键选择run该方法即可。

二.Controller层单元测试

Controller类：

package com.dudu.controller;

/** 
 * 教程页面
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/learn")
public class LearnController extends AbstractController{

 @Autowired
 private LearnService learnService;

 private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

 @RequestMapping("")
 public String learn(Model model){
 model.addAttribute("ctx", getContextPath()+"/");
 return "learn-resource";
 }

 /**
 * 查询教程列表
 * @param page
 * @return
 */
 @RequestMapping(value = "/queryLeanList",method = RequestMethod.POST)
 @ResponseBody
 public AjaxObject queryLearnList(Page<LeanQueryLeanListReq> page){
 List<LearnResource> learnList=learnService.queryLearnResouceList(page);
 PageInfo<LearnResource> pageInfo =new PageInfo<LearnResource>(learnList);
 return AjaxObject.ok().put("page", pageInfo);
 }
 
 /**
 * 新添教程
 * @param learn
 */
 @RequestMapping(value = "/add",method = RequestMethod.POST)
 @ResponseBody
 public AjaxObject addLearn(@RequestBody LearnResource learn){
 learnService.save(learn);
 return AjaxObject.ok();
 }

 /**
 * 修改教程
 * @param learn
 */
 @RequestMapping(value = "/update",method = RequestMethod.POST)
 @ResponseBody
 public AjaxObject updateLearn(@RequestBody LearnResource learn){
 learnService.updateNotNull(learn);
 return AjaxObject.ok();
 }

 /**
 * 删除教程
 * @param ids
 */
 @RequestMapping(value="/delete",method = RequestMethod.POST)
 @ResponseBody
 public AjaxObject deleteLearn(@RequestBody Long[] ids){
 learnService.deleteBatch(ids);
 return AjaxObject.ok();
 }

 /**
 * 获取教程
 * @param id
 */
 @RequestMapping(value="/resource/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
 @ResponseBody
 public LearnResource qryLearn(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){
 LearnResource lean= learnService.selectByKey(id);
 return lean;
 }
}

Controller的测试类：

代码如下：

package com.dudu.controller;

import com.dudu.domain.User;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpSession;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class LearnControllerTest {

 @Autowired
 private WebApplicationContext context;

 private MockMvc mvc;

 private MockHttpSession session;

 @Before
 public void setupMockMvc(){
 mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); //初始化MockMvc对象
 session = new MockHttpSession();
 User user =new User("root","root");
 session.setAttribute("user",user); //拦截器那边会判断用户是否登录，所以这里注入一个用户
 }

 /**
 * 新增教程测试用例
 * @throws Exception
 */
 @Test
 public void addLearn() throws Exception{
 String json="{\"author\":\"HAHAHAA\",\"title\":\"Spring\",\"url\":\"http://tengj.top/\"}";
 mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/learn/add")
 .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
 .content(json.getBytes()) //传json参数
 .session(session)
 )
 .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
 .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
 }

 /**
 * 获取教程测试用例
 * @throws Exception
 */
 @Test
 public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
 mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")
 .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
 .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
 .session(session)
 )
 .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
 .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.author").value("嘟嘟MD独立博客"))
 .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.title").value("Spring Boot干货系列"))
 .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
 }

 /**
 * 修改教程测试用例
 * @throws Exception
 */
 @Test
 public void updateLearn() throws Exception{
 String json="{\"author\":\"测试修改\",\"id\":1031,\"title\":\"Spring Boot干货系列\",\"url\":\"http://tengj.top/\"}";
 mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/learn/update")
 .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
 .content(json.getBytes())//传json参数
 .session(session)
 )
 .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
 .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
 }

 /**
 * 删除教程测试用例
 * @throws Exception
 */
 @Test
 public void deleteLearn() throws Exception{
 String json="[1031]";
 mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/learn/delete")
 .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
 .content(json.getBytes())//传json参数
 .session(session)
 )
 .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
 .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
 }

}

三.新断言assertThat使用

 基本语法：assertThat( [value], [matcher statement] );

• value 是接下来想要测试的变量值；
• matcher statement 是使用 Hamcrest 匹配符来表达的对前面变量所期望的值的声明，如果 value 值与 matcher statement 所表达的期望值相符，则测试成功，否则测试失败

使用例子：

字符相关匹配符
/**equalTo匹配符断言被测的testedValue等于expectedValue，
* equalTo可以断言数值之间，字符串之间和对象之间是否相等，相当于Object的equals方法
*/
assertThat(testedValue, equalTo(expectedValue));
/**equalToIgnoringCase匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString
*在忽略大小写的情况下等于expectedString
*/
assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString));
/**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString
*在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString，
*注意：字符串中的空格不能被忽略
*/
assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString);
/**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/
assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) );
/**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/
assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix));
/**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/
assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix));
一般匹配符
/**nullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值为null*/
assertThat(object,nullValue());
/**notNullValue()匹配符断言被测object的值不为null*/
assertThat(object,notNullValue());
/**is匹配符断言被测的object等于后面给出匹配表达式*/
assertThat(testedString, is(equalTo(expectedValue)));
/**is匹配符简写应用之一，is(equalTo(x))的简写，断言testedValue等于expectedValue*/
assertThat(testedValue, is(expectedValue));
/**is匹配符简写应用之二，is(instanceOf(SomeClass.class))的简写，
*断言testedObject为Cheddar的实例
*/
assertThat(testedObject, is(Cheddar.class));
/**not匹配符和is匹配符正好相反，断言被测的object不等于后面给出的object*/
assertThat(testedString, not(expectedString));
/**allOf匹配符断言符合所有条件，相当于“与”（&&）*/
assertThat(testedNumber, allOf( greaterThan(8), lessThan(16) ) );
/**anyOf匹配符断言符合条件之一，相当于“或”（||）*/
assertThat(testedNumber, anyOf( greaterThan(16), lessThan(8) ) );
数值相关匹配符
/**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/
assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 ));
/**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0));
/** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0));
/** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
/** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/
assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0));
集合相关匹配符
/**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) );
/**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/
assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element));
/** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key"));
/** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/
assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value));