Spring Boot Controller单元测试的编写

单元测试是开发者针对目标代码编写的一小段代码，目的是为了确保我们目标代码与预期行为是一致的。以下是对一个Spring Boot小项目的Controller，进行的单元测试的简单编写：

//Controller
@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Resource
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @PostMapping("/users")
    public String save(User user){
        userRepository.save(user);
        return "SUCCESS";
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/users/{id}")
    public String delete(@PathVariable(name = "id") Integer id){
        userRepository.deleteById(id);
        return "SUCCESS";
    }

    @GetMapping("/users/{id}")
    public User findOne(@PathVariable(name = "id") Integer id){
        return userRepository.findById(id).get();
    }

    @PutMapping("/users")
    public User update(User user){
        userRepository.save(user);
        return userRepository.getOne(user.getId());
    }
}

Controller层测试用例：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
//@ActiveProfiles("dev")加载特定配置文件
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class UserControllerTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    @Transactional//测试环境下将自动进行回滚操作
    //@Rollback(false)
    public void testInsert() throws Exception {
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/users");
        request.param("name","laiminghai");
        mvc.perform(request).
                andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).
                andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("SUCCESS"));
    }

    @Test
    @Transactional
    //@Rollback(false)不回滚
    public void testDelete() throws Exception{
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/users/18");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).
                andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("SUCCESS"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindOne() throws Exception{
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/users/2");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).
                andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().
                        string("{\"id\":2,\"name\":\"xiaoming2\"}"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testUpdate() throws Exception{
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/users");
        request.param("id","2");
        request.param("name","xiaoming222");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).
                andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().
                        string("{\"id\":2,\"name\":\"xiaoming222\"}"));
    }
}

最后，针对接口的测试，这里推荐一个好用的插件：Chrome浏览器的Postman，有兴趣的可以去了解一下。