EventBus—源码解析

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1. EventBus 简单使用

EventBus的使用实践已经在上一篇的博客中讲述了,可查阅EventBus—使用实践
在此只简单列举EventBus的使用:

1.1. 定义事件

public class TextEvent {
    private String mText;

    public TextEvent(String text) {
        this.mText = text;
    }

    public String getText() {
        return mText;
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
        this.mText = text;
    }
}

1.2. 注册与解注册

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
    }

1.3. 发布事件

EventBus.getDefault().post(new TextEvent("From MainActivity text event"));

1.4. 接收事件

    @Subscribe
    public void onHandleTextEvent(TextEvent event){
        mTvResult.setText(event.getText());
    }

2. 源码解析

在解析EventBus源码之前,想想几个问题:

  1. 通过简单的几行代码,EventBus是如何找到订阅者的?
  2. 粘性事件是怎么实现的?
  3. EventBus是如何实现切换线程的?

EventBus所有的秘密都藏在EventBus.getDefault().register(this)方法里面,先看看Event类关系图:
image
其中有几个非常重要的数据结构需要注意,EventBus事件分发与处理都是围绕着它们进行处理:

  • subscriptionByEventType:事件与订阅信息的映射关系表,一般为一对多的关系;
  • typesBySubscriber:订阅者与事件的映射关系表,
  • stickyEvents:粘性事件存储表,key为事件class对象,value为粘性事件对象;
  • subscriberMethodFinder:算法核心类,找寻与解析订阅者的所有订阅方法并封装成SubscriberMethod返回;
  • Poster子类:切换不同线程执行订阅方法的辅助类;

2.1. 注册(register)

EventBus用了典型的单例模式,先看看它的register方法做了些什么事情:

EventBus:

    public void register(Object subscriber) {
        Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
        // 获取订阅者的订阅方法并封装成SubscriberMethod返回
        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
        synchronized (this) {
            for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
                // 将订阅者以及订阅方法添加到相应的映射表中
                subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
            }
        }
    }

SubscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods()方法中有两个方法可以获取subscriberMethods,分别通过反射方法或索引加速方法获取,可通过ignoreGeneratedIndex配置修改相应的策略,默认为false。其中索引加速在第三节讲述,通过开启索引加速,极大地提升了EventBus的运行效率。反射获取订阅方法就不讲述了,较简单。
SubscriberMethodFinder:

    List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
        if (subscriberMethods != null) {
            return subscriberMethods;
        }

        if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
            // 反射策略方法获取订阅方法
            subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
        } else {
            // 索引加速方法策略,若启用索引加速,则用索引加速策略,否则最终
            // 也会使用反射方法获取
            subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
        }
        if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
            // 如果订阅者没有订阅方法,即@Subscribe注解标注的方法,则会抛异常
            throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
                    + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
        } else {
            METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
            return subscriberMethods;
        }
    }
    
    private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
        FindState findState = prepareFindState();
        findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
        while (findState.clazz != null) {
            // 通过索引加速策略获取subscriberInfo
            findState.subscriberInfo = getSubscriberInfo(findState);
            if (findState.subscriberInfo != null) {
                SubscriberMethod[] array = findState.subscriberInfo.getSubscriberMethods();
                for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : array) {
                    if (findState.checkAdd(subscriberMethod.method, subscriberMethod.eventType)) {
                        findState.subscriberMethods.add(subscriberMethod);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // 若未启用索引加速。则使用反射方法获取
                findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
            }
            findState.moveToSuperclass();
        }
        return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
    }
    
    private SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(FindState findState) {
        if (findState.subscriberInfo != null && findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo() != null) {
            SubscriberInfo superclassInfo = findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo();
            if (findState.clazz == superclassInfo.getSubscriberClass()) {
                return superclassInfo;
            }
        }
        // 启动索引加速后,subscriberInfoIndexes不为null,并使用其直接获取SubscriberInfo
        if (subscriberInfoIndexes != null) {
            for (SubscriberInfoIndex index : subscriberInfoIndexes) {
                SubscriberInfo info = index.getSubscriberInfo(findState.clazz);
                if (info != null) {
                    return info;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }    
    

再回到EventBus的register方法中调用的subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod)方法:

EventBus:

    private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
        Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
        // 封装订阅信息Subscription,订阅者以及其其中一个订阅方法
        Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
        // 获取事件与订阅的映射关系表中的订阅信息列表,若无,则重新创建一个列表
        // 事件与订阅者是一对多的关系
        if (subscriptions == null) {
            subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
            subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
        } else {
            if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
                throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
                        + eventType);
            }
        }

        // 将封装的订阅信息根据优先级添加到关系映射表中
        int size = subscriptions.size();
        for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
            if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
                subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
                break;
            }
        }

        // 构建与添加 订阅者与事件的关系并添加到subscribedEvents映射表中
        List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
        if (subscribedEvents == null) {
            subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
            typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
        }
        subscribedEvents.add(eventType);

        // 若监听了粘性事,则执行粘性事件
        if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
            if (eventInheritance) {
                // Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
                // Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
                // thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
                // (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super
                classes: Class -> List<Class>).
                // 遍历粘性事件的列表,并执行其中匹配的粘性事件
                Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
                for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
                    Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
                    if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                        Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                        checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
                checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
            }
        }
    }

小结:
EventBus注册主要做了一下几件事:

  1. 通过SubscriberMethodFinder根据订阅者class查找相应的订阅方法;
  2. 遍历每个订阅方法,把订阅者和订阅方法构建成Subscription;
  3. 根据优先级将Subscription添加到subscriptionsByEventType(即使用EventBus时可通过priority配置事件的处理优先级)
  4. 把订阅者及其对应订阅方法添加到typesBySubscriber;
  5. 执行粘性事件(重点)

2.2. 发布事件(Post)

发布事件其实是基于上述的几个映射表,获取订阅者的订阅方法,并利用反射执行订阅方法,并使用了消费者与生产者模式:
EventBus:

    /** Posts the given event to the event bus. */
    public void post(Object event) {
        // 获取当前线程的事件队列,并将新来的事件插入置队列中
        PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
        List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
        eventQueue.add(event);

        if (!postingState.isPosting) {
            postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
            postingState.isPosting = true;
            if (postingState.canceled) {
                throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
            }
            try {
                // 不断分发事件,直至为空
                while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
                    postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
                }
            } finally {
                postingState.isPosting = false;
                postingState.isMainThread = false;
            }
        }
    }
    
    private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
        Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
        boolean subscriptionFound = false;
        if (eventInheritance) {
            List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
            int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
            for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
                Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
                // 发布事件
                subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
            }
        } else {
            subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
        }
        // 若无订阅者订阅该事件,则会发布NoSubscriberEvent事件
        if (!subscriptionFound) {
            if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
                logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
            }
            if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
                    eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
                post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
        synchronized (this) {
            // 关键点:通过subscriptionsByEventType映射列表,获取订阅者信息
            subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
        }
        if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
            // 遍历所有的订阅者并执行该事件的订阅方法
            for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
                postingState.event = event;
                postingState.subscription = subscription;
                boolean aborted = false;
                try {
                    // 执行订阅者的方法
                    postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
                    aborted = postingState.canceled;
                } finally {
                    postingState.event = null;
                    postingState.subscription = null;
                    postingState.canceled = false;
                }
                if (aborted) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
        // 通过订阅方法的线程模式,使用不同的策略执行订阅方法,通过HandlerPoster
        // AsyncPoster,BackgroundPoster执行不同的线程策略,比如后台线程、主线程等,AsyncPoster等内部使用了生产者和消费者的模式
        switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
            case POSTING:
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                break;
            case MAIN:
                if (isMainThread) {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case MAIN_ORDERED:
                if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    // temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case BACKGROUND:
                if (isMainThread) {
                    backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case ASYNC:
                asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
        }
    }    

小结:
分发事件主要做了以下几件事情:

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  1. 把事件插入到当前线程的事件队列中,不断遍历发布事件队列中的事件;
  2. 通过subscriptionsByEventType获取每个事件的订阅者的方法;
  3. 根据ThreadMode,并依赖HandlerPoster,AsyncPoster,BackgroundPoster执行不同的线程策略;

通过上述的分析,已经完整地解析上述的三个问题:发布、粘性事件以及线程模式。

2.3. 解注册(unregister)

EventBus:

    /** Unregisters the given subscriber from all event classes. */
    public synchronized void unregister(Object subscriber) {
        //
        List<Class<?>> subscribedTypes = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
        if (subscribedTypes != null) {
            for (Class<?> eventType : subscribedTypes) {
                unsubscribeByEventType(subscriber, eventType);
            }
            typesBySubscriber.remove(subscriber);
        } else {
            logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Subscriber to unregister was not registered before: " + subscriber.getClass());
        }
    }

有了上面注册的过程,解注册就非常简单了,主要做了以下几件事件:

  1. 通过subscribedTypes获取该订阅者所有的订阅事件;(subscribedTypes映射列表的作用就是获取订阅者订阅的所有事件,方便解注册)
  2. 遍历所有事件,移除subscriptionsByEventType中的订阅者;
  3. 从subscribedTypes中移除该订阅者;

**注意:**注册和解注册必要成对存在,否则将出现内存泄漏。

3. 索引加速

为了提供性能,EventBus 3.0引入了索引加速的功能,大幅度提高的性能。启动索引加速需要做一些额外的配置,可参考EventBus—使用实践。其实索引加速功能,就是利用APT方式在编译时解析注解生成索引java文件,避免使用反射。
回顾上面的分析,整个流程中在SubscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods()检索订阅方法时会使用反射进行获取,这里会有性能的问题,那么索引加速在内存中直接加载避免使用反射获取。
使用索引加速时会在build目录下生成一个java文件,例如:
image
java文件的名称是在模块gradle中配置的

    defaultConfig {
        .....
        javaCompileOptions {
            annotationProcessorOptions {
                arguments = [ eventBusIndex : 'com.wuzl.eventbus.TestEventBusIndex' ]
            }
        }
        .....
    }

看看编译生成的索引类,将所有订阅者及其订阅方法全部缓存至SUBSCRIBER_INDEX中,显然通过SUBSCRIBER_INDEX可以获取订阅者所有信息,而避免使用反射,那么接下来需要将索引文件配置进去。
TestEventBusIndex:

public class TestEventBusIndex implements SubscriberInfoIndex {
    private static final Map<Class<?>, SubscriberInfo> SUBSCRIBER_INDEX;

    static {
        SUBSCRIBER_INDEX = new HashMap<Class<?>, SubscriberInfo>();

        putIndex(new SimpleSubscriberInfo(MainActivity.class, true, new SubscriberMethodInfo[]{
                new SubscriberMethodInfo("handleTextEvent", com.wuzl.eventbus.event.TextEvent.class),
        }));

    }

    private static void putIndex(SubscriberInfo info) {
        SUBSCRIBER_INDEX.put(info.getSubscriberClass(), info);
    }

    @Override
    public SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
        SubscriberInfo info = SUBSCRIBER_INDEX.get(subscriberClass);
        if (info != null) {
            return info;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

在使用索引加速的时候,需要将该索引文件配置到EventBus当中

EventBus.builder().addIndex(new TestEventBusIndex()).installDefaultEventBus();

EventBus:

    /** Adds an index generated by EventBus' annotation preprocessor. */
    public EventBusBuilder addIndex(SubscriberInfoIndex index) {
        if (subscriberInfoIndexes == null) {
            subscriberInfoIndexes = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        // 将索引加速类添加到subscriberInfoIndexes数据结构
        subscriberInfoIndexes.add(index);
        return this;
    }
    
    // 重新构建默认的EventBus
    public EventBus installDefaultEventBus() {
        synchronized (EventBus.class) {
            if (EventBus.defaultInstance != null) {
                throw new EventBusException("Default instance already exists." +
                        " It may be only set once before it's used the first time to ensure consistent behavior.");
            }
            // 重新new一个EventBus对象并设置为默认EventBus
            EventBus.defaultInstance = build();
            return EventBus.defaultInstance;
        }
    }
    
    EventBus(EventBusBuilder builder) {
        
        indexCount = builder.subscriberInfoIndexes != null ? builder.subscriberInfoIndexes.size() : 0;
        // 将索引加速传递给SubscriberMethodFinder
        subscriberMethodFinder = new SubscriberMethodFinder(builder.subscriberInfoIndexes,
                builder.strictMethodVerification, builder.ignoreGeneratedIndex);
    }    
    

那么SubscriberMethodFinder在检索订阅者信息时,发现subscriberInfoIndexes不为null,将直接从内存中加载信息,而不走反射流程,极大地提高的性能。
SubscriberMethodFinder:

    private SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(FindState findState) {
        ....
        if (subscriberInfoIndexes != null) {
            for (SubscriberInfoIndex index : subscriberInfoIndexes) {
                SubscriberInfo info = index.getSubscriberInfo(findState.clazz);
                if (info != null) {
                    return info;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

小结:
其实索引加速做的事情很简单,就是避免在findSubscriberMethods去调用耗时的反射机制。实现非常巧妙。

4. 总结

EventBus的源码解析中,发现非常多有用的设计思想,比如典型的单例模式、生成者与消费者模式、FindState的缓存机制以及巧妙的APT索引加速等等,非常值得学习与借鉴。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/a469516684/article/details/85112683