反向代理及请求负载均衡Nginx开发搭建

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由于是开发使用,本文使用windows版本Nginx搭建,
一,安装
1,从Nginx官网下载页面(http://nginx.org/en/download.html)下载Nginx最新版本。
2,下载后解压。

二, 启动和停止Nginx

1,使用默认的配置文件(nginx-1.11.1\conf\nginx.conf)时,双击“nginx-1.11.1\nginx.exe”,会默认加载nginx-1.11.1\conf\nginx.conf配置文件。等同于命令:nginx -c conf\nginx.conf.

2,使用自定义配置文件启动时,进入nginx的解压目录,cmd进入dos命令窗口加载指定配置文件:
nginx -c conf\myconfig.conf.

Nginx start

3,修改配置文件后应重启生效,可以使用命令 nginx -s reload

4,停止Nginx:nginx -s stop

三,配置文件的详细配置
所有配置均在nginx-1.11.1\conf\nginx.conf文件中配置

1,负载均衡配置

nginx 的 upstream默认是以轮询的方式实现负载均衡,这种方式中,每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器,如果后端服务器down掉,能自动剔除。

另外一种方式是ip_hash:每个请求按访问ip的hash结果分配,这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器,可以解决session的问题。

  upstream request-servers {
       #ip_hash;
       server 127.0.0.1:8389 weight=10;
       server 127.0.0.1:8390 weight=1;
   }

weight为权重大小,相对值越大权重越高

2,反向代理设置

  server {
         #监听端口,用于http请求真实使用的端口号
        listen       80;
        #设置http请求时使用的链接名称
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
        #设置主机头和客户端真实地址,以便服务器获取客户端真实IP
           proxy_set_header Host $host;
           proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
           #禁用缓存
           proxy_buffering off;

           #反向代理的地址

           proxy_pass http://request-servers;
        }
    }

3,完整配置

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    upstream request-servers {
       ip_hash;
       server 127.0.0.1:8389 weight=10;
       server 127.0.0.1:8390 weight=1;
   }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
        #设置主机头和客户端真实地址,以便服务器获取客户端真实IP
           proxy_set_header Host $host;
           proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
           #禁用缓存
           proxy_buffering off;

           #反向代理的地址

           proxy_pass http://request-servers;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

四,测试
本次测试启动了两套服务,http调用端口分别为:8390,8389
分别测试:
8389

8390

通过Nginx后可以直接使用server_name:localhost+监控端口80访问(80端口可以省略不写):
80,Nginx根据负载和权重调整调用。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/zhenghuasheng/article/details/51755901
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