linux下mysql5.6安装

1、下载tar包

https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2、解压

$tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

3、将解压包放到mysql目录

$mv mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

4、添加mysql用户组和mysql用户

$groupadd mysql

$useradd -r -g mysql mysql

-g：指定用户所属的群组。值可以使组名也可以是GID。用户组必须已经存在的，期默认值为100，即users

-r：建立系统账号。

5、配置my.cnf

这里将mysql的data文件放到/data下，所以需新增文件夹：

/data/mysql/data  、/data/mysql/binlog/ 、/data/mysql/ibdata 、/data/mysql/log 

对应的配置文件如下：

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir =  /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
character_set_server = utf8
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid

# SAFETY #
back_log = 300
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 5000
max_user_connections = 4000
max_connect_errors = 999999999999999
wait_timeout = 30
interactive_timeout = 30
table_open_cache = 5000
external-locking = false

# CACHES AND LIMITS #
max_allowed_packet = 32M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 4
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_min_res_unit = 4K
query_cache_limit = 1M
ft_min_word_len = 4
default-storage-engine = innodb
thread_stack = 512K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 8M
server-id = 247
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
#slave-skip-errors=all
slave-skip-errors=1054,1062
symbolic-links = 0

# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
relay_log=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay-bin.index
relay_log_info_file=/data/mysql/binlog/relay-log.info 

binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days = 1

# LOGGING #
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 2
key_buffer_size = 8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
# MyISAM #
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 8M
myisam_repair_threads = 1

# INNODB #
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/ibdata
innodb_write_io_threads = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 2
innodb_thread_concurrency = 4
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/log
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_adaptive_flushing=1
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 40
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 40960

6、安装mysql数据库

$cd /usr/local/mysql

#修改当前目录拥有者为mysql
$chown -R mysql:mysql ./

#执行安装数据库命令
$/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

#重新修改目前拥有者为root
$chown -R root:root ./

7、启动mysql并添加开机启动mysql服务

#开机初始化
$cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql  

#启动mysql
$service mysql start  
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

注：如果启动时报错：Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file

$vi /data/mysql/data/VM_0_17_centos.err  查看错误信息，发现错误信息：

130728  6:50:14 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
InnoDB: mmap(137363456 bytes) failed; errno 12
130728  6:50:14 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
130728  6:50:14 InnoDB: Fatal error: cannot allocate memory for the buffer pool

那就是你服务器内存不足导致（我的服务器才1G内存，上面配置文件innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M，free了下发现mysql本身吃了700M内存，可使用内存才70M左右），解决方案有2种：

方法1、设置swap分区，即所谓的虚拟内存

$dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=1024 #添加一个交换文件，还有一种时添加交换分区
$mkswap /swapfile  #设置交换文件
$swapon /swapfile  #启用交换文件

$vi /etc/fstab
写入/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0 #写入/etc/fstab,以便在引导时启用

#swapoff  #删除交换分区，并从 /etc/fstab 中删除项目

#free下查看是否添加ok
$free

注：如果你有多个分区，可以将swap设置到交换分区中

方法2、修改/etc/my.cnf配置，减小配置，以减少内存占用

主要改下以下几个配置值：

max_connections = 200

table_open_cache = 1000

table_definition_cache = 700

performance_schema_max_table_instances = 500

最后配置文件如下：

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir =  /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
character_set_server = utf8
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid

# SAFETY #
back_log = 100
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 200
max_user_connections = 4000
max_connect_errors = 999999999999999
wait_timeout = 30
interactive_timeout = 30
table_open_cache = 1000
external-locking = false
table_definition_cache = 700
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 500

# CACHES AND LIMITS #
max_allowed_packet = 32M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 150
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_min_res_unit = 4K
query_cache_limit = 1M
ft_min_word_len = 4
default-storage-engine = innodb
thread_stack = 512K
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
tmp_table_size = 8M
server-id = 247
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
#slave-skip-errors=all
slave-skip-errors=1054,1062
symbolic-links = 0

# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
relay_log=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index=/data/mysql/binlog/mysql-relay-bin.index
relay_log_info_file=/data/mysql/binlog/relay-log.info

binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days = 1

# LOGGING #
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 2
key_buffer_size = 8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
# MyISAM #
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 8M
myisam_repair_threads = 1

# INNODB #
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/ibdata
innodb_write_io_threads = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 2
innodb_thread_concurrency = 4
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/log
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_adaptive_flushing=1
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 40
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 40960

注：

1、如果内存不大（1G内）玩mysql5.6以上版本，按默认配置的话机器会很吃力，所以大家如果只是自己玩玩或实际对数据库不会有太多压力的话，可以减小相应配置来降低mysql对内存的占用，满足实际需求才是王道，毕竟杀鸡用牛刀也还是蛮心疼的。

2、也可以将mysql降低到5.5以内，或关闭innodb，但这样做的话，不是很明智的选择。还有一个不差钱的好选择就是专门再买个mysql服务器！

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• 数据库设置

1、设置mysql软连接

$ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

2、密码设置，默认情况root密码为空

$./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'root'  #/usr/local/mysql/

为了安全mysql会限制在命令行修改，可登陆到mysql命令行模式下修改：

mysql> use mysql;  
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=password("root") WHERE user='root';     
mysql> flush privileges;  
mysql> exit;  

好了，这时候你就可以对它为所欲为了！