flask框架中使用wtforms

一、什么是wtforms

WTForms是一个支持多个web框架的form组件，主要用于对用户请求数据进行验证。

安装：

pip3 install WTForms

二、简单使用wtforms组件

（一）用户登陆验证

py文件代码：

from  flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect
from  wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets
app = Flask(__name__,template_folder="templates")

class Myvalidators(object):
    '''自定义验证规则'''
    def __init__(self,message):
        self.message = message
    def __call__(self, form, field):
        print(field.data,"用户输入的信息")
        if field.data == "haiyan":
            return None
        raise validators.ValidationError(self.message)

class LoginForm(Form):
    '''Form'''
    name = simple.StringField(
        label="用户名",
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        validators=[
            Myvalidators(message="用户名必须是haiyan"),#也可以自定义正则
            validators.DataRequired(message="用户名不能为空"),
            validators.Length(max=8,min=3,message="用户名长度必须大于%(max)d且小于%(min)d")
        ],
        render_kw={"class":"form-control"}  #设置属性
    )

    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label="密码",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="密码不能为空"),
            validators.Length(max=8,min=3,message="密码长度必须大于%(max)d且小于%(min)d"),
            validators.Regexp(regex="\d+",message="密码必须是数字"),
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={"class":"form-control"}
    )



@app.route('/login',methods=["GET","POST"])
def login():
    if request.method =="GET":
        form = LoginForm()
        return render_template("login.html",form=form)
    else:
        form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():
            print("用户提交的数据用过格式验证，值为：%s"%form.data)
            return "登录成功"
        else:
            print(form.errors,"错误信息")
        return render_template("login.html",form=form)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

<body>
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} {{ form.name.errors.0 }}</p>
    <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} {{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</p>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
    <!--用户名：<input type="text">-->
    <!--密码：<input type="password">-->
    <!--<input type="submit" value="提交">-->
</form>
</body>

前端页面效果：

（二）用户注册验证

py文件代码：

from flask import Flask,render_template,redirect,request
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets

app = Flask(__name__,template_folder="templates")
app.debug = True

=======================simple===========================
class RegisterForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        label="用户名",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired()
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={"class":"form-control"},
        default="haiyan"
    )
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label="密码",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message="密码不能为空")
        ]
    )
    pwd_confim = simple.PasswordField(
        label="重复密码",
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'),
            validators.EqualTo('pwd',message="两次密码不一致")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

　　========================html5============================
    email = html5.EmailField(  #注意这里用的是html5.EmailField
        label='邮箱',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'),
            validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

　　===================以下是用core来调用的=======================
    gender = core.RadioField(
        label="性别",
        choices=(
            (1,"男"),
            (1,"女"),
        ),
        coerce=int  #限制是int类型的
    )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label="城市",
        choices=(
            ("bj","北京"),
            ("sh","上海"),
        )
    )
    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='爱好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )
    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label="喜好",
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        widget = widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget = widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce = int,
        default = [1, 2]
    )

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):  #这里的self是一个RegisterForm对象
        '''重写__init__方法'''
        super(RegisterForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)  #继承父类的init方法
        self.favor.choices =((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球'))  #吧RegisterForm这个类里面的favor重新赋值

    def validate_pwd_confim(self,field,):
        '''
        自定义pwd_config字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致
        :param field:
        :return:
        '''
        # 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值
        if field.data != self.data['pwd']:
            # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证
            raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致")  # 不再继续后续验证

@app.route('/register',methods=["GET","POST"])
def register():
    if request.method=="GET":
        form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 1})  #默认是1,
        return render_template("register.html",form=form)
    else:
        form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
        if form.validate():  #判断是否验证成功
            print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data)  #所有的正确信息
        else:
            print(form.errors)  #所有的错误信息
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

<body>
<h1>用户注册</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0  50px">
    {% for item in form %}
    <p>{{item.label}}: {{item}} {{item.errors[0] }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>

前端页面效果：

flask框架中使用wtforms

一、什么是wtforms

二、简单使用wtforms组件

（一）用户登陆验证

（二）用户注册验证

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