【重点突破】—— Echarts图表的介绍和使用

前言:百度Echarts是一个基于Canvas的纯Javascript图表库,提供直观、生动、可交互、可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。官网地址:http://echarts.baidu.com/index.html


 一、Echarts基础

  1. echarts->echartTheme.js

    export default {
        "color": [
            "#f9c700",
            "#ff5400",
            "#6699cc",
            "#9cb3c5",
            "#e0e6ec",
            "#666666",
            "#787464",
            "#cc7e63",
            "#724e58",
            "#4b565b"
        ],
        "backgroundColor": "#ffffff",
        "textStyle": {},
        "title": {
            "textStyle": {
                "color": "#cccccc"
            },
            "subtextStyle": {
                "color": "#cccccc"
            }
        },
        "line": {
            "itemStyle": {
                "normal": {
                    "borderWidth": 1
                }
            },
            "lineStyle": {
                "normal": {
                    "width": 2
                }
            },
            "symbolSize": "10",
            "symbol": "emptyCircle",
            "smooth": false
        },
        "pie": {
            "itemStyle": {
                "normal": {
                    "borderWidth": 0,
                    "borderColor": "#ccc"
                },
                "emphasis": {
                    "borderWidth": 0,
                    "borderColor": "#ccc"
                }
            }
        },
        "categoryAxis": {
            "axisLine": {
                "show": true,
                "lineStyle": {
                    "color": "#f1f3f5"
                }
            },
            "axisTick": {
                "show": true,
                "lineStyle": {
                    "color": "#f1f3f5"
                }
            },
            "axisLabel": {
                "show": true,
                "textStyle": {
                    "color": "#999999",
                    "fontSize": "14"
                }
            },
            "splitLine": {
                "show": true,
                "lineStyle": {
                    "color": [
                        "#f1f3f5"
                    ]
                }
            },
            "splitArea": {
                "show": false,
                "areaStyle": {
                    "color": [
                        "rgba(250,250,250,0.3)",
                        "rgba(200,200,200,0.3)"
                    ]
                }
            }
        },
        "valueAxis": {
            "axisLine": {
                "show": true,
                "lineStyle": {
                    "color": "#f1f3f5"
                }
            },
            "axisTick": {
                "show": true,
                "lineStyle": {
                    "color": "#f1f3f5"
                }
            },
            "axisLabel": {
                "show": true,
                "textStyle": {
                    "color": "#999999",
                    "fontSize": "14"
                }
            },
            "splitLine": {
                "show": true,
                "lineStyle": {
                    "color": [
                        "#f1f3f5"
                    ]
                }
            },
            "splitArea": {
                "show": false,
                "areaStyle": {
                    "color": [
                        "rgba(250,250,250,0.3)",
                        "rgba(200,200,200,0.3)"
                    ]
                }
            }
        },
        "toolbox": {
            "iconStyle": {
                "normal": {
                    "borderColor": "#999999"
                },
                "emphasis": {
                    "borderColor": "#666666"
                }
            }
        },
        "legend": {
            "textStyle": {
                "color": "#333333"
            }
        },
        "tooltip": {
            "axisPointer": {
                "lineStyle": {
                    "color": "#cccccc",
                    "width": 1
                },
                "crossStyle": {
                    "color": "#cccccc",
                    "width": 1
                }
            }
        },
        "timeline": {
            "lineStyle": {
                "color": "#293c55",
                "width": 1
            },
            "itemStyle": {
                "normal": {
                    "color": "#293c55",
                    "borderWidth": 1
                },
                "emphasis": {
                    "color": "#a9334c"
                }
            },
            "controlStyle": {
                "normal": {
                    "color": "#293c55",
                    "borderColor": "#293c55",
                    "borderWidth": 0.5
                },
                "emphasis": {
                    "color": "#293c55",
                    "borderColor": "#293c55",
                    "borderWidth": 0.5
                }
            },
            "checkpointStyle": {
                "color": "#e43c59",
                "borderColor": "rgba(194,53,49,0.5)"
            },
            "label": {
                "normal": {
                    "textStyle": {
                        "color": "#293c55"
                    }
                },
                "emphasis": {
                    "textStyle": {
                        "color": "#293c55"
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "markPoint": {
            "label": {
                "normal": {
                    "textStyle": {
                        "color": "#ffffff"
                    }
                },
                "emphasis": {
                    "textStyle": {
                        "color": "#ffffff"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
  2. echarts->themeLight.js

    var colorPalette = [
        '#C1232B',
        '#27727B',
        '#FCCE10',
        '#E87C25',
        '#B5C334',
        '#FE8463',
        '#9BCA63',
        '#FAD860',
        '#F3A43B',
        '#60C0DD',
        '#D7504B',
        '#C6E579',
        '#F4E001',
        '#F0805A',
        '#26C0C0'
    ];
    export default {
    
        color: colorPalette,
    
        title: {
            textStyle: {
                fontWeight: 'normal',
                color: '#27727B'
            }
        },
    
        visualMap: {
            color: ['#C1232B', '#FCCE10']
        },
    
        toolbox: {
            iconStyle: {
                normal: {
                    borderColor: colorPalette[0]
                }
            }
        },
    
        tooltip: {
            backgroundColor: 'rgba(50,50,50,0.5)',
            axisPointer: {
                type: 'line',
                lineStyle: {
                    color: '#27727B',
                    type: 'dashed'
                },
                crossStyle: {
                    color: '#27727B'
                },
                shadowStyle: {
                    color: 'rgba(200,200,200,0.3)'
                }
            }
        },
    
        dataZoom: {
            dataBackgroundColor: 'rgba(181,195,52,0.3)',
            fillerColor: 'rgba(181,195,52,0.2)',
            handleColor: '#27727B'
        },
    
        categoryAxis: {
            axisLine: {
                lineStyle: {
                    color: '#27727B'
                }
            },
            splitLine: {
                show: false
            }
        },
    
        valueAxis: {
            axisLine: {
                show: false
            },
            splitArea: {
                show: false
            },
            splitLine: {
                lineStyle: {
                    color: ['#ccc'],
                    type: 'dashed'
                }
            }
        },
    
        timeline: {
            lineStyle: {
                color: '#27727B'
            },
            controlStyle: {
                normal: {
                    color: '#27727B',
                    borderColor: '#27727B'
                }
            },
            symbol: 'emptyCircle',
            symbolSize: 3
        },
    
        line: {
            itemStyle: {
                normal: {
                    borderWidth: 2,
                    borderColor: '#fff',
                    lineStyle: {
                        width: 3
                    }
                },
                emphasis: {
                    borderWidth: 0
                }
            },
            symbol: 'circle',
            symbolSize: 3.5
        },
    
        candlestick: {
            itemStyle: {
                normal: {
                    color: '#C1232B',
                    color0: '#B5C334',
                    lineStyle: {
                        width: 1,
                        color: '#C1232B',
                        color0: '#B5C334'
                    }
                }
            }
        },
    
        graph: {
            color: colorPalette
        },
    
        map: {
            label: {
                normal: {
                    textStyle: {
                        color: '#C1232B'
                    }
                },
                emphasis: {
                    textStyle: {
                        color: 'rgb(100,0,0)'
                    }
                }
            },
            itemStyle: {
                normal: {
                    areaColor: '#ddd',
                    borderColor: '#eee'
                },
                emphasis: {
                    areaColor: '#fe994e'
                }
            }
        },
    
        gauge: {
            axisLine: {
                lineStyle: {
                    color: [
                        [
                            0.2, '#B5C334'
                        ],
                        [
                            0.8, '#27727B'
                        ],
                        [1, '#C1232B']
                    ]
                }
            },
            axisTick: {
                splitNumber: 2,
                length: 5,
                lineStyle: {
                    color: '#fff'
                }
            },
            axisLabel: {
                textStyle: {
                    color: '#fff'
                }
            },
            splitLine: {
                length: '5%',
                lineStyle: {
                    color: '#fff'
                }
            },
            title: {
                offsetCenter: [0, -20]
            }
        }
    }
  3. 引用主题
    //导入主题
    import echartTheme from './../echartTheme'
    import themeLight from './../themeLight'  
  4. componentWillMount()中注册主题
    componentWillMount(){
            echarts.registerTheme('Default', echartTheme);
            echarts.registerTheme('Light', themeLight);
    }
  5. ReactEcharts组件中使用主题

    <ReactEcharts theme="Default"/>
    <ReactEcharts theme="Light"/>  
  • React单页面应用中安装echarts、echarts-for-react(常用)

    npm install echarts echarts-for-react --save
    //或
    yarn add echarts echarts-for-react --save
  • 引用echarts

  1. 方法一:加载全部echarts包(少用)

    //加载全部echarts
    import echarts from 'echarts'
  2. 方法二:按需加载(常用)

    //按需加载
    import echarts from 'echarts/lib/echarts'
    //必需基础组件
    import 'echarts/lib/component/tooltip'
    import 'echarts/lib/component/title'
    import 'echarts/lib/component/legend'
    import 'echarts/lib/component/markPoint'
    //导入矩形图
    import 'echarts/lib/chart/bar' 
    
  • 引用并初始化ReactEcharts:组件化开发,避免通过new对象的形式实现

    import ReactEcharts from 'echarts-for-react'
    
    //render echarts options
    <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption()} theme="Default"/>
    

           

二、柱形图功能实现

  • echarts->bar->index.js:对应路由/admin/charts/bar
  • 基本柱形图表

  1. 初始化ReactEcharts

    <Card title="基本柱形图表">
          <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption()} theme="Default" style={{height: 500}}/>
    </Card>
  2. getOption()渲染数据:series为核心整体数据源,type为'bar'

    getOption = () => {
            let option = {
                title: {
                    text: '用户骑行订单'
                },
                tooltip: {//提示条
                    trigger: 'axis'
                },
                xAxis: {  //X轴
                    data: ['周一','周二','周三','周四','周五','周六','周日']
                },
                yAxis: {  //Y轴
                    type: 'value'
                },
                series: [ //整体数据源
                    {
                        name: '订单量',
                        type: 'bar',
                        data: [1000, 2000, 1500, 3000, 2000, 1200, 800]
                    }
                ]
            }
            return option;
    }
    
  • 对比柱形图表

  1. 初始化ReactEcharts

    <Card title="对比柱形图表">
              <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption2()} theme="Default" style={{height: 500}}/> 
    </Card>
  2. getOption2()渲染数据

    getOption2 = () => {
            let option = {
                title: {
                    text: '用户骑行订单'
                },
                legend: { //可过滤父标题
                    data: ['OFO','摩拜','小蓝']
                },
                tooltip: {
                    trigger: 'axis'
                },
                xAxis: {
                    data: ['周一','周二','周三','周四','周五','周六','周日']
                },
                yAxis: {
                    type: 'value'
                },
                series: [ //整体数据源
                    {
                        name: 'OFO',
                        type: 'bar',
                        data: [2000, 3000, 5500, 7000, 8000, 12000, 20000]
                    },
                    {
                        name: '摩拜',
                        type: 'bar',
                        data: [1500, 3000, 4500, 6000, 8000, 10000, 15000]
                    },
                    {
                        name: '小蓝',
                        type: 'bar',
                        data: [1000, 2500, 4000, 4500, 6000, 7000, 8000]
                    }
                ]
            }
            return option;
    }
    

三、饼形图功能实现

  • echarts->pie->index.js:对应路由/admin/charts/pie
  • 按需加载导入饼图
    //导入饼图
    import 'echarts/lib/chart/pie'
  • 饼形图表

  1. 初始化ReactEcharts

    <Card title="饼形图表">
          <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption()} theme="Light"/>
    </Card>
  2. getOption():关键在于option不同,type为'pie',data数组元素为对象

    getOption = () => {
            let option = {
                title: {
                    text: '用户骑行订单',
                    x: 'center'  //水平方向居中
                },
                legend: {
                    orient: 'vertical', //垂直方向排列
                    right: 10,          //绝对定位位置
                    top: 20,
                    bottom: 20,
                    data: ['周一','周二','周三','周四','周五','周六','周日']
                },
                tooltip:{
                    trigger: 'item',
                    formatter: '{a}<br/>{b}:{c}({d}%)' //格式化提示项
                },
                series: [
                    {
                        name: '订单量',
                        type: 'pie',
                        data: [
                            {
                                value: 1000,
                                name: '周一'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1000,
                                name: '周二'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 2000,
                                name: '周三'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1500,
                                name: '周四'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 3000,
                                name: '周五'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 2000,
                                name: '周六'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1200,
                                name: '周日'
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            }
            return option;
    }
    
  • 环形图表

  1. 初始化ReactEcharts

     <Card title="环形图表">
               <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption2()} theme="Light"/> 
    </Card>
  2. getOption2():radius属性设置内环外环大小

    getOption2 = () => {
            let option = {
                title: {
                    text: '用户骑行订单',
                    x: 'center'  //水平方向居中
                },
                legend: {
                    orient: 'vertical', //垂直方向排列
                    right: 10,          //绝对定位位置
                    top: 20,
                    bottom: 20,
                    data: ['周一','周二','周三','周四','周五','周六','周日']
                },
                tooltip:{
                    trigger: 'item',
                    formatter: '{a}<br/>{b}:{c}({d}%)' //格式化提示项
                },
                series: [
                    {
                        name: '订单量',
                        type: 'pie',
                        radius: ['50%','80%'], //内环外环大小
                        // center: ['30%','60%'], //x轴y轴位置
                        data: [
                            {
                                value: 1000,
                                name: '周一'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1000,
                                name: '周二'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 2000,
                                name: '周三'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1500,
                                name: '周四'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 3000,
                                name: '周五'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 2000,
                                name: '周六'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1200,
                                name: '周日'
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            }
            return option;
    }
    
  • 南丁格尔图表:表格按数据大小排序、半径或区域随数据递增

  1. 初始化ReactEcharts

    <Card title="南丁格尔图表">
          <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption3()} theme="Light"/> 
    </Card>
  2. getOption3():roseType属性指定半径radius或区域area

    getOption3 = () => {
            let option = {
                title: {
                    text: '用户骑行订单',
                    x: 'center'  //水平方向居中
                },
                legend: {
                    orient: 'vertical', //垂直方向排列
                    right: 10,          //绝对定位位置
                    top: 20,
                    bottom: 20,
                    data: ['周一','周二','周三','周四','周五','周六','周日']
                },
                tooltip:{
                    trigger: 'item',
                    formatter: '{a}<br/>{b}:{c}({d}%)' //格式化提示项
                },
                series: [
                    {
                        name: '订单量',
                        type: 'pie',
                        data: [
                            {
                                value: 1000,
                                name: '周一'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1000,
                                name: '周二'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 2000,
                                name: '周三'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1500,
                                name: '周四'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 3000,
                                name: '周五'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 2000,
                                name: '周六'
                            },
                            {
                                value: 1200,
                                name: '周日'
                            }
                        ].sort((a,b) => {  //数据排序
                            return a.value - b.value;
                        }),
                        roseType:'radius', //数据大、半径大        
                    }
                ]
            }
            return option;
    }
    

四、折线图功能实现

  • echarts->pie->index.js:对应路由/admin/charts/pie
  • 按需加载导入折线图
    //导入饼图
    import 'echarts/lib/chart/line'
  • 基本折线图表

  1. 初始化ReactEcharts

    <Card title="基本折线图">
              <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption()} theme="Default" style={{height: 500}}/>
    </Card>
  2. getOption():指定xAxis和yAxis的数据,series中通过data存储趋势点

    getOption = () => {
            let option = {
                title: {
                    text: '用户骑行订单'
                },
                tooltip: {
                    trigger: 'axis'
                },
                xAxis: {
                    data: [
                        '周一','周二','周三','周四','周五','周六','周日'
                    ]
                },
                yAxis: {
                    type: 'value'
                },
                series: [
                    {
                        name: '订单量',
                        type: 'line',
                        data: [1000,2000,1500,3000,2000,1200,800] //趋势点
                    }
                ]
            }
            return option;
    }
    
  • 对比折线图表

  1. 初始化ReactCharts

    <Card title="对比折线图">
             <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption2()} theme="Default" style={{height: 500}}/> 
    </Card>
  2. getOptions2():series整体数据源中多个数据对象对比

    getOption2 = () => {
            let option = {
                title: {
                    text: '用户骑行订单'
                },
                tooltip: {
                    trigger: 'axis'
                },
                legend: {
                    data: ['OFO订单量','摩拜订单量']  
                },
                xAxis: {
                    data: [
                        '周一','周二','周三','周四','周五','周六','周日'
                    ]
                },
                yAxis: {
                    type: 'value'
                },
                series: [
                    {
                        name: 'OFO订单量',
                        type: 'line',
                        data: [1200,3000,4500,6000,8000,12000,20000] //趋势点
                    },
                    {
                        name: '摩拜订单量',
                        type: 'line',
                        data: [1000,2000,5500,6000,8000,10000,12000] //趋势点
                    }
                ]
            }
            return option;
    }
    
  • 区域折线图表

  1. 初始化ReactEcharts

    <Card title="区域折线图">
            <ReactEcharts option={this.getOption3()} theme="Default" style={{height: 500}}/> 
    </Card>
  2. getOption3():boundaryGap属性指定坐标轴从0开始,areaStyle属性指定区域填充样式

    getOption3 = () => {
            let option = {
                title: {
                    text: '用户骑行订单'
                },
                tooltip: {
                    trigger: 'axis'
                },
                xAxis: {
                    boundaryGap: false, //坐标轴从起点开始,true时在中间
                    data: ['周一','周二','周三','周四','周五','周六','周日']
                },
                yAxis: {
                    type: 'value'
                },
                series: [
                    {
                        name: '订单量',
                        type: 'line',
                        data: [1000,2000,1500,3000,2000,1200,800], //趋势点
                        areaStyle: {} //区域填充颜色
                    }
                ]
            }
            return option;
    }

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