C++调用Python模块

一：环境VS2015,Python3.7,Windows 64位操作系统

二：环境配置自行百度

三：新建VS控制台工程，并在工程目录下创建PyModule.py文件

四：编写PyModule.py文件，代码如下：

def retNum():
    return 12345

def retDouble():
    return 12345.6789

def retString():
    return "Hello,World!"

def retUString():
    return "你好，中国!".encode("gb18030")

def retList():
    return [1,2,3,4,5]

def retTuple():
    return (1,2,"Hello,World!")

def retDict():
    d = dict()
    d[1] = "C"
    d[2] = "C++"
    d[3] = "Python"
    return d

五：编写C++文件，调用Python模块。

// ConsoleApplication1.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <python.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


int main()
{
	string chdir_cmd = string("sys.path.append(\"") + "\")";    //Python模块在当前目录下
	const char* cstr_cmd = chdir_cmd.c_str();

	PyObject* pRet;
	PyObject* pModule;
	PyObject *pFunc;

	Py_Initialize();  //初始化Python环境
	PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");  //运行Python语句
	PyRun_SimpleString(cstr_cmd); //添加Python模块路径

	pModule = PyImport_ImportModule("PyModule");
	if (!pModule)
	{
		cout << "Can't Find The Module,Please Check Module Name and try again!" << endl;
		return 0;
	}
	pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "retNum");  //调用retNum函数，返回整型
	if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc))
	{//为使代码紧凑，仅写第一次，后面同上处理，忽略判断
		pRet = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
		cout << PyLong_AsLong(pRet) << endl;
	}
	pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "retDouble");  //调用retDouble，返回double类型
	pRet = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
	cout << PyFloat_AsDouble(pRet) << endl;


	pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "retString");  //调用retString，返回ANSI字符串
	pRet = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
	cout << PyUnicode_AsUTF8(pRet) << endl;


	pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "retUString");  //调用retUString，返回Unicode字符串
	pRet = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
	cout << PyBytes_AsString(pRet) << endl;

	pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "retList");  //调用retList，返回数组类型。
	pRet = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
	_int64 val_num = PyList_Size(pRet);
	for (int i = 0; i < val_num; i++)
	{
		cout << PyLong_AsLong(PyList_GetItem(pRet, i)) << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "retTuple");  //调用retTuple，返回tuple类型
	int w = 0, h = 0;
	char *ret_str;
	pRet = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
	PyArg_ParseTuple(pRet, "iis", &w, &h, &ret_str);  //多个值必须一一对应
	cout << w << " " << h << " " << ret_str << endl;

	pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "retDict"); //调用retDict，返回dict类型
	pRet = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
	PyObject* pKeys = PyDict_Keys(pRet);
	PyObject* pValues = pRet;
	_int64 LongList = PyDict_Size(pRet);
	for (int i = 0; i < LongList; i++)
	{
		PyObject *pKey = PyList_GetItem(pKeys, i);
		PyObject *pValue = PyDict_GetItem(pValues, pKey);
		cout << PyLong_AsLong(pKey) << ":" << PyUnicode_AsUTF8(pValue) << endl;
	}

	Py_Finalize();
	system("pause");
    return 0;
}